Lymph node dissection in esophageal carcinoma: Minimally invasive esophagectomy vs open surgery

Table 2 Characteristics of the open surgery and minimally invasive esophagectomy groups

	Open surgery (n = 324)	MIE (n = 123)	P value
Age (yr)	60.3 ± 7.8	60.1 ± 6.3	0.7821
Gender			0.0552
Male	226	97
Female	98	26
ASA grade			0.8202
I	15	6
II	248	97
III	61	20
Height (cm)	170.2 ± 4.8	171.1 ± 4.9	0.5851
Weight (kg)	65.2 ± 9.8	66.8 ± 8.1	0.1521
Smoker			0.9122
Never	123	46
Current or former	201	77
pT stage
Tis	3	4	0.077
T1	20	36	< 0.001
T2	46	72	< 0.001
T3	225	11	< 0.001
T4	30	0	< 0.001
Resection rate			0.4792
R0	313	121
R1	6	2
R2	5	0
Inductive chemo/radio therapy	40%	14%	0.7882
pTis/T1/T2	0	0
pT3	15	6	0.9122
pT4	25	0	0.002
LNM rate
pTis	0	0/4
pT1	6 (30)	10/36, 27.8%	0.8602
pT2	20 (43.4)	29/72, 40.3%	0.7312
pT3	125 (55.6)	5/11, 45.5%	0.5112
pT4	22 (73.3)	0
Surgical approach			< 0.001
Macheen	225	123
Ivor-Lewis	99	0

¹The t test;

²Fisher's exact test. LNM rate = number of patients with positive lymph nodes/number of total patients. LNM: Lymph node metastatic; MIE: Minimally invasive esophagectomy; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.