Technical tips for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy

Table 1 Overview of recent published reports on endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (over 10 cases, excluding insufficient data) n (%)

Ref.	Technical success	Clinical success	Dilation devise	Stents	Adverse events (n)
Park et al[9], 2011	31 (100)	27 (87)	4Fr cannula, 6Fr, 7Fr biliary dilator, needle-knife	PS, Fully CSEMS	Pneumoperitoneum (6)
Vila et al[10], 2012	22 (65)	22 (100)	NA	NA	Bleeding (3), biloma (4), perforation (4), liver hematoma (2), abscess (1)
Attasaranya et al[11], 2012	11 (85)	11 (100)	ERCP cannula, 6Fr, 7Fr biliary dilator, needle-knife	Pig PS Fully CSEMS	Minor adverse events (5) Major adverse events (1)
Prachayakul et al[12], 2013	NA	NA	Tapered tip Teflon catheter	Fully CSEMS	NA
Kawakubo et al[13], 2013	19 (95)	NA	Biliary dilation catheter, dilating balloon, cautery dilator	Straight PS, CSEMS	Bile leakage (2) Stent migration (2) Bleeding (1) Cholangitis (1) Biloma (1)
Song et al[14], 2014	10 (100)	10 (100)	6Fr, 7Fr biliary dilator, needle-knife, 4-mm dilating balloon	Hybrid metal stent	Pneumoperitoneum (2) minor bleeding (1)
Paik et al[15], 2014	27 (96)	24 (89)	4-mm balloon	Dual-flap Fully CSEMS	Migration (1) Pseudoaneurysm (1)
Artifon et al[16], 2015	24 (96)	22 (91)	Dilating catheter, needle-knife	Partially CSEMS	Minor bleeding (3) Biloma (1) Bacteremia (1)
Umeda et al[17], 2015	23 (100)	23 (100)	Standard or tapered catheter, cautery dilator, 8Fr dilation catheter, 4-mm balloon	8Fr single-plastic stent	Bleeding (1), self-limited abdominal pain (3)
Poincloux et al[18], 2015	65 (99)	61/65 (94)	5.5Fr needle-knife, 6Fr, 7Fr dilation catheter	10Fr PS Fully CSEMS Two fitting CSEMS Half covered SEMS	Pneumoperitoneum (2) Intrahepatic hematoma (1) Bile leakage (5) Sever sepsis (2)
Park et al[19], 2015	20 (100)	18/20 (90)	Without dilation, 4-mm balloon catheter, dilation catheter	CSEMS with dedicated stent introducer, fully CSEMS	Mild adverse events (2) Moderate adverse events (3)

PS: Plastic stent; CSEMS: Covered self-expandable metallic stent; NA: Not available.