Early enteral nutrition vs parenteral nutrition following pancreaticoduodenectomy: Experience from a single center

Table 4 Postoperative complications n (%)

	EEN + PN (n = 87)	TPN (n = 253)	P value
Bile leakage	7 (8.0)	12 (4.7)	0.280
Pancreatic fistulas	13 (14.9)	27 (10.7)	0.334
Intraperitoneal infection	16 (18.4)	26 (10.3)	0.059
Intraperitoneal bleeding	1 (1.1)	10 (4.0)	0.301
Gastrointestinal bleeding	4 (4.6)	11 (4.3)	1.000
Pulmonary infection	9 (10.3)	9 (3.6)	0.024
Pulmonary embolism	0	1 (0.4)	1.000
Chylous leakage	1 (1.1)	3 (1.2)	1.000
Wound infection	8 (9.2)	23 (9.1)	1.000
Delayed gastric emptying	14 (16.1)	17 (6.7)	0.016
Grade B	9 (10.3)	11 (4.3)
Grade C	5 (5.7)	6 (2.4)
Unplanned reoperation	4 (4.6)	7 (2.8)	0.482
In-hospital death	2 (2.3)	4 (1.6)	0.204
EN-related complications	28 (32.2)	-
Abdominal distention	17 (19.5)	-
Abdominal cramps	15 (17.2)	-
Vomiting	10 (11.5)	-
Diarrhea	9 (10.3)	-

EEN: Early postoperative enteral nutrition; PN: Parenteral nutrition; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition.