Multicenter study of endoscopic preoperative biliary drainage for malignant distal biliary obstruction

Table 5 Univariate and multivariate competing risks regression analyses to identify prognostic factors for jaundice resolution after endoscopic preoperative biliary drainage in 325 patients

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	SHR (95%CI)	P value	SHR (95%CI)	P value
Sex, male	0.90 (0.71-1.14)	0.387
Age ≥ 69 yr	1.01 (0.80-1.27)	0.932
Performance status ≥ 1	1.00 (0.73-1.39)	0.979
Primary cancer
Biliary tract	Reference
Pancreas	1.07 (0.84-1.36)	0.602
Ampullary	1.19 (0.80-1.77)	0.389
Primary tumor size > 20 mm	0.81 (0.63-1.04)	0.094	0.91 (0.69-1.20)	0.524
Length of biliary stricture > 20 mm	0.80 (0.63-1.01)	0.059	0.82 (0.63-1.06)	0.134
Diameter of proximal bile duct > 15 mm	0.78 (0.62-0.98)	0.033	0.81 (0.63-1.05)	0.107
Tumor invasion to duodenum	0.96 (0.76-1.21)	0.721
Cholangitis on admission	1.11 (0.80-1.54)	0.528
Total bilirubin ≥ 8 mg/dL	0.41 (0.31-0.55)	< 0.001	0.43 (0.32-0.58)	< 0.001
EST or EPBD	1.02 (0.81-1.28)	0.897
Diameter of biliary stent/catheter
5-6 Fr	Reference
7-7.5 Fr	0.96 (0.73-1.25)	0.738
8.5-10 Fr	0.97 (0.70-1.34)	0.859
Pig-tailed tip	1.05 (0.83-1.34)	0.681
Placement of NBC	0.83 (0.66-1.06)	0.129	0.92 (0.71-1.19)	0.520

In these competing risks regression analyses, jaundice resolution was set as the outcome and thus, a higher SHR indicated a higher probability of early resolution of jaundice. SHR: Subdistribution hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; NBC: Nasobiliary catheter.