Different risk factors for advanced colorectal neoplasm in young adults

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 70428 subjects n (%)

	Total	< 50 yr	≥ 50 yr	P value
	(n = 70428)	(n = 59782)	(n = 10646)
Age (year, mean ± SD)	41.6 ± 8.3	38.9 ± 5.3	56.5 ± 5.8	< 0.001
Sex				< 0.001
Male	48868 (69.4)	42644 (71.3)	6244 (58.5)
Female	21560 (30.6)	17138 (28.7)	4422 (41.5)
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)	23.8 ± 3.1	23.8 ± 3.2	24.1 ± 2.8	< 0.001
Obesity1	23658 (33.6)	19955 (33.4)	3703 (34.8)	0.005
Smoking				< 0.001
Never	38955 (55.3)	33071 (55.3)	5884 (55.3)
Former	11480 (16.3)	9610 (16.1)	1870 (17.6)
Current	19993 (28.4)	17101 (28.6)	2892 (27.2)
Alcohol intake				< 0.001
No	22090 (31.4)	18517 (31.0)	3573 (33.6)
Moderate	46026 (65.4)	39404 (65.9)	6622 (62.2)
Heavy2	2312 (3.3)	1861 (3.1)	451 (4.2)
CRC family history	2779 (3.9)	2111 (3.5)	668 (6.3)	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	113.3 ± 13.0	113.0 ± 12.9	115.0 ± 13.7	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	72.6 ± 9.6	72.3 ± 9.5	74.1 ± 9.8	< 0.001
HTN-R3	23871 (33.9)	19227 (32.2)	4644 (43.6)	< 0.001
DM-R4	16886 (24.0)	11983 (20.0)	3718 (34.9)	< 0.001
Regular exercise5	38379 (54.5)	33398 (55.9)	4981 (46.8)	0.000
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	93.6 ± 14.8	92.9 ± 13.7	97.7 ± 19.2	< 0.001
Insulin (μIU/mL)	5.3 ± 5.1	5.1 ± 3.3	6.2 ± 10.5	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	5.7 ± 0.5	5.6 ± 0.5	5.8 ± 0.7	< 0.001
Total-C (mg/dL)	199.8 ± 34.7	198.6 ± 34.3	206.4 ± 36.2	< 0.001
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	116.0 ± 76.3	115.3 ± 76.7	119.5 ± 73.8	< 0.001
Triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL	15456 (21.9)	12957 (21.7)	2499 (23.5)	< 0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	55.1 ± 13.8	55.2 ± 13.8	54.8 ± 13.8	0.003
HDL-C abnormality6	10901 (15.5)	8727 (14.6)	2174 (20.4)	< 0.001
LDL-C (mg/dL)	124.9 ± 32.0	124.1 ± 31.7	129.0 ± 33.1	< 0.001
CEA (ng/mL)	1.62 ± 1.61	1.58 ± 1.61	1.83 ± 1.58	< 0.001
ACRN7	960 (1.4)	564 (0.9)	396 (3.7)	< 0.001
CRC	54 (0.1)	25 (0.1)	29 (0.3)	< 0.001

¹BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²;

²More than 4 times per week as heavy;

³Elevated blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medications;

⁴Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%, or use of diabetes medications;

⁵More than once per week;

⁶HDL-C < 40 mg/dL for men or < 50 mg/dL for women;

⁷ACRN was defined as a polyp size of ≥ 10 mm in diameter, polyp with any component of villous histology, high-grade dysplasia, or invasive cancer. SD: Standard deviation; BMI: Body mass index; CRC: Colorectal cancer; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HTN-R: Hypertension-related factors; DM-R: Diabetes mellitus-related factors; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; Total-C: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; ACRN: Advanced colorectal neoplasm.