Evidence-based medical oncology and interventional radiology paradigms for liver-dominant colorectal cancer metastases

Table 5 Highlights of microwave ablation literature for colorectal liver metastases

Ref.	Level of evidence	Year	Study details	1 yr OS%	3 yr OS%	5 yr OS%	Median OS (mo)	Procedure-related complications
Shibata et al[59]	II-1	2000	Prospective, randomized, 14 pts, 58 lesions	71	14		27	14% (2/14) - one biliary fistula and one hepatic abscess
			Laparotomy (Azwell HSD-20M)
			Mean 4 lesions
			Mean 2.7 cm
Liang et al[124]	II-2	2003	Retrospective, 74 patients, 149 lesions	91.4	46.4	29	20.5	4% (3/74) skin burns (in patients with tumors with extracapsular extension)
			Laparotomy (Microtaze AZM-520)
			Mean 2 lesions
			Mean 0.8 cm max diameter
Tanaka et al[125]	II-2	2006	Retrospective, 16 patients, 35 lesions	80	51	17	28	19% (3/16) Bleeding, biliary fistula, wound infection. (all patients underwent MWA via laparotomy, none percutaneous)
			Laparotomy (Microtaze AZM-520)
			Mean 2 lesions
			Mean 0.8 cm max diameter