Solid, non-skin, post-liver transplant tumors: Key role of lifestyle and immunosuppression management

Table 2 Risk factors for non-skin solid tumors after liver transplantation from multivariate analyses

	Ref.	Risk factor	Associated cancer	SIR, HR, RR, or OR (95%CI)
Viral infection	Baccarani et al[8]	HPV exposure	Cervical	SIR = 30.7 (6.3-90)
	Collett et al[9]		Anal	SIR = 3.3 (0.4-12)
	Baccarani et al[8]	HHV8 exposure	Kaposi’s sarcoma	SIR = 144 (53-313)
	Maggi et al[17]			SIR = 128 (51-263)
Demographic data	Herrero et al[22]	Recipient’s age	All non-skin tumors	HR = 1.90 (1.32-2.73)
	Watt et al[23]		All non-skin solid tumors	HR = 1.33 (1.05-1.66)
	Herrero et al[34]		Smoking-related tumors	HR = 1.09 (1.03-1.15)
Indication for LT	Watt et al[23]	Alcohol cirrhosis	All non-skin solid tumors	HR = 2.14 (1.22-3.73)
		Primary sclerosis cholangitis	All non-skin solid tumors	HR = 2.62 (1.50-4.56)
Lifestyle	Benlloch et al[53]	Alcohol consumption	All non-skin tumors	RR = 3 (1.5-5.8)
	Herrero et al[22]			HR = 2.87 (1.15-7.19)
	Herrero et al[22]	Tobacco consumption	All non-skin tumors	HR = 3.07 (1.32-7.16)
	Watt et al[23]		All non-skin solid tumors	HR = 1.72 (1.06-2.79)
	Carenco et al[13]			OR = 5.5 (2.5-12)
	Herrero et al[34]		Smoking-related tumors	HR = 19.17 (4.17-88.10)
	Carenco et al[13]			OR = 14.7 (1.8-119)
	Carenco et al[13]	Obesity	All non-skin solid tumors	OR = 2.2 (1.1-4.3)
Immunosuppression	Carenco et al[49]	Mean tacrolimus TC during first year post-LT	All non-skin solid tumors	OR = 2.01 (1.57-2.59)

SIR: Standardized incidence ratio; HPV: Human papilloma virus; HHV8: Herpes human virus 8; HR: Hazard ratio; RR: Relative risk; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TC: Through concentration.