Association between hepatitis B and metabolic syndrome: Current state of the art

Table 1 Association between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and metabolic syndrome

Ref. (Region)	Race	Study design	HBV patients/controls	Prevalence MS in HBV patients/controls	Result/statistical significance
Jan et al[6] (Taiwan)	Asian	Population-based	5995 HBV patients/ 47533 controls	8.0%/10.9%	Inverse correlation between MS and HBV infection
		Cross-sectional study			OR = 0.72 (0.65-0.79); P < 0.001
					aOR = 0.84 (0.76-0.93); P < 0.0011
Luo et al[7] (China)	Asian	Cross-sectional study	858 HBV patients/ 6579 controls	5.9%/8.8%	Inverse correlation between MS and HBV infection
					OR = 0.65 (0.48-0.88); P = 0.003
Wong et al[8] (Hong Kong, China)	Asian	Case series	91 HBV patients/ 922 controls	11.0%/20.2%	Inverse correlation between MS and HBV infection; P = 0.034
Li et al[9] (Taiwan)	Asian	Case series	3408 HBV patients/ 22897 controls	13.4%/14.0%	No correlation between MS and HBV infection
Chung et al[10] (South Korea)	Asian	Cross-sectional study	521 HBV patients/ 8953 controls	19.5%/20.8% in men	Inverse correlation between MS and HBV infection in men only after adjustation
				14.3%/13.7% in women
					OR = 0.92 (0.72-1.17); P = 0.492; NS
					aOR = 0.75 (0.57-0.98); P = 0.033b
					No correlation between MS and HBV infection in women
					OR = 1.05 (0.56-1.96) NS
					aOR = 0.80 (0.38-1.66); P = 0.545; NS2
Jinjuvadia et al[11] (United States)	Caucasian (80%)	Large population database	593 594 HBV patients/7280620 patients with past exposure to hepatitis B/138283905 controls	10.4%/25.6% total	Inverse correlation between MS and HBV infection in all patients
					OR = 0.34 (0.13-0.87)
					aOR = 0.32 (0.12-0-82); P = 0.019c
					Inverse correlation between MS and HBV infection in men
					OR = 0.13 (0.04-0.44)
					aOR = 0.14 (0.04-0.55)3
					No correlation between MS and HBV infection in women
					OR = 0.89 (0.30-2.65)
					aOR = 0.73 (0.22-2.46)3
Zhou et al[12] (China)	Asian	Retrospective cohort study	480 HBV patients/ 496 controls	24.5%/10.5%	Correlation between MS and HBV infection
					OR = 2.46 (1.77-3.41)
					aOR = 2.27 (1.52-3.38)4
Jarčuška et al[13] (Slovakia)	Caucasian + Roma	Cross-sectional study	66 HBV patients/ 789 controls	24.6%/24.7%	No correlation between MS and HBV infection; P = 0.561; NS
Janicko et al[14] (Slovakia)	Roma	Cross-sectional study	55 HBV patients/ 387 controls	27.8%/29.6%	No correlation between MS and HBV infection; P = 0.785; NS
Choi et al[15] (South Korea)	Asian	Population database	209 HBV patients/ 4899 controls	23.4%/31.5% in men	Inverse correlation between MS and HBV infection in men only after adjustation
				18.6%/23.7% in women
					OR = 0.66 (0.42-1.05); P = 0.079; NS
					OR = 0.61 (0.375-0.998); P = 0.0495
					No correlation between MS and HBV infection in women
					OR = 0.74 (0.44-1.22); P = 0.235; NS
					aOR = 0.70 (0.40-1.21); P = 0.197; NS5

¹Adjusted for age and sex;

²Adjusted for age, body mass index, alaninaminotranferase, alcohol intake, smoking, exercise, family income and educational status;

³Adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking and alcohol status;

⁴Adjusted for age, gender, smoking, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, high-energy food intake, fresh fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity;

⁵Adjusted for age, location, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, exercise habits, income status, and education levels. MS: Metabolic syndrome; NS: Not significant; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; OR: Odds ration; aOR: Adjusted odds ratio.