Prophylactic intra-peritoneal drain placement following pancreaticoduodenectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Year	Country	Design	Drain	n	Sex (male/female)	Age (yr)	Type of surgery	Disease (M/B)	Score1
Heslin et al[30]	1998	United States	Retro	Yes	51	18/20	65 ± 2	PD	47/4	1
				No	38	19/32	65 ± 2	PPPD	31/7
Lim et al[33]	2013	France	Retro	Yes	27	8/19	62 (40-76)	PD	20/7	1
				No	27	8/19	62 (38-78)	PPPD	20/7
Mehta et al[36]	2013	United States	Retro	Yes	251	130/121	60.0	PD	162/89	1
				No	458	222/236	62.5	PPPD	289/169
Correa-Gallego et al[35]	2013	United States	PNR	Yes	386	NA	NA	NA	282/104	2
				No	353				257/96
Van Buren et al[37]	2014	United States	RCT	Yes	68	37/31	62.1 ± 11.7	PD	45/23	3
				No	69	38/31	64.3 ± 12.6		50/19

¹Scoring for RCT was according to Jadad scoring system, and the method of McKay et al[22] was used for non-randomized studies. B: Benign; M: Malignant; NA: Not available; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; PNR: Prospective nonrandomized observational study; PPPD: Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; Retro: Retrospective observational study.