Synchronous splenectomy and hepatectomy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hypersplenism: A case-control study

Table 3 Surgical complications classified by Clavien classification for the two groups

Clavien classification	HS group	HA group	P value
Grade I	21	22
(fever/pain/vomit/ wound infection/ ascites/hypokalemia)	(9/4/2/1/4/1)	(5/4/5/1/4/3)
Grade II(transfusion/infection/ coagulopathy/liver failure)	6(5/1/0/0)	10(2/5/2/1)
Grade IIIa	21	14
Grade IIIb	22	0
Grade VI	23	35
Grade V	-	-
Total	33	36	0.532

¹Two patients had pleural effusion and received pleurocentesis;

²Two patients were diagnosed with intra-abdominal bleeding and underwent re-laparotomy;

³Two patients were resuscitated and needed ICU management due to the hypotension and shock;

⁴One patient had pleural effusion and received pleurocentesis;

⁵Two patients suffered type I respiratory failure and 1 patient suffered hypotension and shock, all of whom needed ICU management. HS: Hepatectomy and splenectomy; HA: Hepatectomy alone.