Predictors of kidney tubular dysfunction induced by adefovir treatment for chronic hepatitis B

Table 1 Patient characteristics n (%)

	Patient without ADV	Patient with ADV	P value
	(n = 49)	(n = 30)
Age (yr)
At the initiation of NA	51.1 ± 10.8	49.9 ± 10.0	NS
At the evaluation of PKTD	55.7 ± 11.1	58.9 ± 9.9	NS
Male/female	30/19	21/9	NS
BMI (kg/m2)	23.0 ± 2.9	22.6 ± 3.0	NS
Current smokers	4 (8.2)	4 (13.3)	NS
Habitual drinkers	5 (10.2)	2 (6.7)	NS
Hypertension	12 (24.5)	12 (40.0)	NS
Diabetes	1 (2.0)	2 (6.7)	NS
Treatment duration of NA (mo)	54.8 ± 38.8	107.5 ± 30.1	< 0.001
SLC22A6 (hOAT1) 4531 G/A,
G/G	37 (75.5)	17 (56.7)	NS
G/A	11 (22.4)	12 (40.0)
A/A	1 (2.0)	1 (3.3)
ABCC2 (MRP2) -24 C/T, rs717620
C/C	28 (57.1)	17 (56.7)	NS
C/T	19 (38.8)	9 (30.0)
T/T	2 (4.1)	4 (13.3)
HBeAg-positive	22.4	16.7	NS
HBV DNA-positive	63.3	30.0	0.004
HBV genotype
B/C/undetected	8/36/5	0/28/2	0.048
Medicated
LAM	19 (38.8)	29 (96.7)	< 0.001
ETV	29 (59.2)	1 (3.3)	< 0.001
TDF	1 (2.0)	0	NS
AST (U/L)	29.4 ± 10.5	31.0 ± 10.8	NS
ALT (U/L)	28.5 ± 16.6	30.5 ± 19.6	NS
ALP (U/L)	242.9 ± 112.0	369.8 ± 293.8	0.03
Serum calcium (mmol/L)	2.3 ± 0.8	2.3 ± 0.1	NS
Serum phosphate (mmol/L)	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.2	< 0.001
Serum uric acid (umol/L)	324.6 ± 71.9	266.1 ± 112.0	0.014
UBCR (mg/gCre)	117.1 (50.5-271.6)	805.2 (61.8-10489.6)	< 0.001
Phosphate diabetes	0	9 (30.0)	< 0.001
Renal hypouricemia	0	10 (33.3)	< 0.001
β2-microglobulinuria	3 (6.1)	15 (50.0)	< 0.001
Nondiabetic glucosuria	0	5 (16.7)	0.003
Metabolic acidosis	0	2 (6.7)	NS
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2)
At the initiation of NA	82.6 ± 15.5	79.9 ± 14.9	NS
At the evaluation of PKTD	76.3 ± 18.2	63.0 ± 16.4	0.002

¹Variant position is relative to accession No. AJ249369. Data are shown as mean ± SD, percentages, or geometric mean ± SD. Overall P values were calculated by unpaired t-test or χ²-test in comparison between patients with and without ADV. ADV: Adefovir dipivoxil; BMI: Body mass index; NA: Nucleos(t)ide analogues; hOAT1: Human organic anion transporter 1; MRP2: Multidrug-resistance protein 2; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; LAM: Lamivudine; ETV: Entecavir; TDF: Tenofovir; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; UBCR: Urine β₂-microglobulin-creatinine ratio; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; NS: Not significant; PKTD: Proximal kidney tubular dysfunction.