Learning curve for hand-assisted laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy

Table 2 Comparison of intraoperative data for hand-assisted laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy

Cohort	A (n = 19)	B (n = 20)	C (n = 19)	D (n = 20)	E (n = 20)	F (n = 20)	P value
Type of operation (n)							0.99
Total gastrectomy	8	7	8	7	8	8
Distal gastrectomy	10	11	9	12	10	9
Proximal gastrectomy	1	2	2	1	2	3
Operative time (min)
Total, mean ± SD	166.26 ± 12.15	159.70 ± 12.36	161.68 ± 12.01	158.30 ± 11.97	162.95 ± 11.27	158.80 ± 11.85	0.30
median (range)	169 (137-185)	158 (139-184)	164 (136-183)	157.5 (136-184)	164.5 (140-182)	157.5 (138-180)
Lap, mean ± SD	43.21 ± 11.20	35.00 ± 7.31	34.11 ± 8.07	35.20 ± 7.63	33.65 ± 6.68	35.55 ± 9.92	0.01
median (range)	43 (25-65)	33 (24-50)	33 (23-54)	36 (22-47)	34 (21-48)	35.5 (18-51)
Blood loss (mL)
mean ± SD	237.89 ± 71.77	231.90 ± 68.42	242.42 ± 71.96	245.55 ± 70.70	225.75 ± 68.65	235.55 ± 64.59	0.96
median (range)	267 (120-340)	248 (125-343)	265 (112-335)	260.5 (120-342)	223 (117-341)	226 (116-335)
Lymph nodes harvested
mean ± SD	17.74 ± 4.56	18.25 ± 3.78	19.26 ± 2.26	18.47 ± 3.58	18.37 ± 3.55	19.16 ± 3.39	0.78
median (range)	17 (10-23)	18.5 (11-23)	19 (12-23)	19 (12-23)	19 (12-23)	19 (13-23)
Unexpected injury	0	0	0	0	0	0

HALG: Hand-assisted laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy.