Comparison between uncovered and covered self-expandable metal stent placement in malignant duodenal obstruction

Table 2 Main outcomes and complications

	Stent type		P value
	Uncovered(n = 38)	Covered(n = 29)
Technical success	38 (100)	28 (96.6)	0.433
Clinical success	34 (89.5)	24 (82.8)	0.485
GOOSS score
Pre-stenting (0/1/2/3)	31/3/4/0	25/2/2/0	0.5841
Post-stenting (0/1/2/3)	4/10/18/61	5/11/10/32	0.1661
Causes of clinical failure	4 (10.5)	4 (13.8)	0.485
Poor expansion	2 (5.3)	0 (0.0)	0.502
Migration	0 (0.0)	2 (6.9)	0.184
Perforation	0 (0.0)	1 (3.4)	0.433
Peritoneal seeding	1 (2.7)	0 (0.0)	1.000
Septic shock	1 (2.7)	1 (3.4)	1.000
Complications	12 (31.6)	12 (41.4)	0.407
Migration	0 (0.0)	6 (20.7)	0.005
Tumor ingrowth	6 (15.8)	1 (3.4)	0.129
Perforation	0 (0.0)	2 (6.9)	0.184
Biliary obstruction	3 (7.9)	0 (0.0)	0.252
Stent collapse	0 (0.0)	3 (10.3)	0.076
Poor expansion	2 (5.3)	0 (0.0)	0.502
Food impact	1 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	1.000
Retreatment rate	12 (31.6)	10 (34.5)	0.802
Stenting	5 (13.2)	9 (31.0)	0.075
Operation	1 (2.6)	1 (3.4)	1.000
Removal of food materials	1 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	1.000
Ballooning	2 (5.3)	0 (0.0)	0.502
PTBD	3 (7.9)	0 (0.0)	0.252
30-d mortality	6 (15.8)	8 (27.6)	0.239
Median time interval to reintervention from initial intervention (d)	60 (14-251)	71 (2-147)	0.573

¹Linear by linear association;

²The GOOSS score improved significantly after stent placement than those before stent placement (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Values are presented as number (%) or d (range). GOOSS: Gastric outlet obstruction scoring system = no oral intake, 0; liquid only, 1; soft solids, 2; low-residue or full diet; PTBD: Percutaneous biliary drainage.