Fatty liver disease: Disparate predictive ability for cardiometabolic risk and all-cause mortality

Table 4 Adjusted Cox regression analyses of fatty liver disease for prediction of overall mortality, by gender and diabetic status

	Total		Men		Women
	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI
Diabetic sample n =	30/1181		20/591		10/591
Gender, female	0.71	0.25; 2.00
Age, 11 yr	2.74	1.43; 5.22	2.61	1.19; 5.73	3.48	1.02; 12.0
Current vs non-smoker	0.94	0.30; 3.02	1.38	0.37; 5.18	n = 2	protecting
Former smoking, n = 170	1.17	0.40; 3.40	2.20	0.61; 7.85	n = 2	Too few
HDL-cholesterol, 12 mg/dL	0.81	0.55; 1.20	0.72	0.41; 1.24	0.77	0.43; 1.36
Systolic BP, 25 mmHg	1.16	0.74; 1.81	0.82	0.40; 1.72	1.25	0.62; 2.60
HOMA index, 2-fold	1.15	0.89; 1.49	1.03	0.75; 1.41	1.47	0.95; 2.27
Probable FLD, n = 25	0.48	0.15; 1.55	0.35	0.09; 1.34	n = 12	risk-
FLD, n = 66	0.74	0.24; 2.24	0.72	0.20; 2.57	n = 36	conferring
Death rate per 1000 person-yr	30.2		38.2		22.4
Prediabetic sample2n =	32/2681		17/1191		15/1491
HOMA index, 2-fold	1.25	0.93; 1.68	1.33	0.80; 2.23	1.32	0.87; 2.00
Probable FLD n = 57	1.05	0.25; 4.40	0.70	0.10; 4.77	1.19	0.10; 14.5
FLD n = 116	2.07	0.52; 8.19	2.69	0.42; 17.0	1.30	0.12; 14.7
Death rate per 1000 person-yr	14.0		17.2		11.8
Normoglycemic sample n =	89/12681		54/6101		35/6581
Gender, female	0.77	0.42; 1.40
Age, 11 yr	3.76	2.85; 4.97	3.91	2.69; 5.68	3.41	2.24; 5.17
Current vs never smoking	2.39	1.27; 4.51	2.99	1.36; 6.56	0.98	0.22; 4.38
Former smoking, n = 170	1.04	0.46; 2.34	1.16	0.47; 2.87	n = 15	Too few
HDL-cholesterol, 12 mg/dL	1.05	0.84; 1.31	1.07	0.78; 1.46	1.07	0.78; 1.51
Systolic BP, 25 mmHg	1.03	0.80; 1.31	1.13	0.80; 1.64	0.98	0.67; 1.38
HOMA index, 2-fold	1.02	0.88; 1.17	1.10	0.94; 1.29	0.79	0.62; 1.007
Probable FLD n = 312	0.89	0.47; 1.68	0.55	0.24; 1.31	2.02	0.75; 5.39
FLD n = 500	0.68	0.34; 1.36	0.58	0.24; 1.40	0.96	0.32; 2.88
Death rate per 1000 person-yr	8.1		10.0		6.3
Whole sample n =	151/16541		91/7881		60/8661
Gender, female	0.73	0.46; 1.17
Age, 11 yr3	3.38	2.69; 4.19	3.48	2.60; 4.65	3.34	2.36; 4.74
Current vs never smoking, n = 414	1.67	1.03; 2.70	2.01	1.13; 3.57	0.96	0.29; 3.17
Former smoking, n = 170	0.92	0.52; 1.64	0.99	0.52; 1.88	n = 22	Too few
Alcohol usage, yes/no, n = 116	0.84	0.37; 1.90	0.73	0.32; 1.67	n = 2	Too few
HDL-cholesterol, 12 mg/dL	1.02	0.87; 1.11	1.09	0.85; 1.38	0.94	0.73; 1.22
Systolic BP, 25 mmHg	1.03	0.86; 1.25	1.00	0.78; 1.31	1.08	0.84; 1.42
Prediabetes, n = 220	1.30	0.82; 2.07	1.08	0.56; 2.09	1.73	0.89; 3.35
Presence of diabetes, n = 104	2.70	1.73; 4.22	2.22	1.52; 4.86	2.76	1.32; 5.76
HOMA index, 2-fold	1.08	0.97; 1.21	1.12	0.99; 1.27	0.98	0.80; 1.20
Probable FLD, n = 394	0.79	0.48; 1.31	0.58	0.31; 1.11	1.42	0.57; 3.50
FLD n = 681	0.84	0.50; 1.39	0.83	0.44; 1.56	1.03	0.41; 2.59
Death rate per 1000 person-yr	10.8		13.3		7.9

¹Number of deaths/number at risk;

²Adjusted also for sex, age, current smoking, systolic BP, HDL-cholesterol;

³Referent was no FLD (n = 412). Mean age at baseline was 52.1 years. Missing HOMA index values limited by 15% the sample and deaths. HDL: High-density lipoprotein; FLD: Fatty liver disease; HOMA: Homeostatic assessment; BP: Blood pressure.