Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response

Figure 5 Hepatitis B and C virus infection induces unfolded protein response in the infected liver tissue. A: Fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirms co-localization of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and BIP (GRP78) expression in the HBV-infected liver tissue; the image is representative of fluorescence IHC for all patients; B: Fluorescence IHC confirms co-localization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and BIP (GRP78) expression in the HCV-infected liver tissue; the image is representative of fluorescence IHC for all patients; C: HBV infection significantly (^aP < 0.001 vs HBV^-) induces UPR in the infected hepatocytes compared to non-infected adjacent cells. The graph shows results of the event,HBV infection and BIP (GRP78) expression in at least 50 cells counted in four different views of fluorescence IHC in each patient’s sample; D: HCV infection significantly (^aP < 0.001 vs HCV^-) induces UPR in the infected hepatocytes compared to non-infected adjacent cells. The graph shows results of the event (HCV infection and BIP (GRP78) expression) in at least 50 cells counted in four different views of fluorescence IHC in each patient’s sample. UPR: Unfolded protein response.