Possible association between hepatitis C virus and malignancies different from hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review

Table 10 Main findings of studies concerning the association between hepatitis C virus infection and cholangiocarcinomas with no complete data or not reported as full-text

Studies (First author/Journal/Year of publication)	Study title	Main findings	Study conclusion
Choi D J Hepatology 2006	Cholangiocarcinoma and Clonorchis sinesis infection: A case-control study in Korea	Assessment of Clonorchis sinensis role in the risk of developing CCA, including extrahepatic CCA	HCV infection detected in 1/51 (2%) patients in CCA group and 1/51 (2%) in control gorup
Jarnagin WR Cancer 2002	Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma: demographic, clinical, and prognostic factors	No distinction between HBV/HCV infected patients	The demographic and clinical features of patients with combined tumors were most similar to those of patients with CC. Most important, combined tumors were not found to be associated with chronic liver disease
Liu X Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2002	Pathogenesis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and infection of hepatitis virus	Full-text in Chinese	HCV-core protein may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. HCV-infected patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma infected may have a high grade malignancy and a poor prognosis
Lu H Chin Med J (Engl) 2000	Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA sequences in cholangiocarcinomas in Chinese and American patients	Only 12 patients included	High rate of HCV-RNA detection in CCA cases, mainly in Chinese patients as compared to United States subjects
Shirakawa H Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi 1996	Analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma	Full-text in Japanese	2/11 HCV seropositive Japanese patients with cholangiocarcinoma
Tao LY Liver International 2009	Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case-control study in China	Shortage of information on HCV infection	No possible assessment of significant association between HCV infection and ICC or ECC
Yin F Chin Med J (Engl) 1998	Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA sequences in hepatic portal cholangiocarcinoma tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction	Only 6 patients included	High rate of HCV-RNA detection in CCA cases
Zhang H Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1996	Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis C virus RNA in human hepatocellular carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction	Full-text in Chinese	HCV may play an important role in hepatic carcinogenesis because of its high positive rate
Zou SQ Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2003	The retrospective analysis of HBV and HCV infection in cholangiocarcinoma	Full-text in Chinese	The HCV infection is associated with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, in particular with the proximal bile duct. The hilar cholangiocarcinoma in HCV-infected patients presents higher malignant degree and a poor prognosis