Innovative technique of needlescopic grasper-assisted single-incision laparoscopic common bile duct exploration: A comparative study

Table 2 Operative results of patients who underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration n (%)

	CL-LCBDE(n = 20)	nSIL-CBDE(n = 20)	P value
Operative time (skin to skin, min)			0.007
mean ± SD	192 ± 39	238 ± 76
median (range)	197.5 (115-245)	215.0 (125-365)
Estimated blood loss (mL)	132 ± 309	75 ± 161	0.101
Completion cholangiogram	5 (25)	0 (0)	0.018
Completion choledochoscopy	16 (80)	20 (100)	0.037
Stone clearance	20 (100)	20 (100)	1.000
CBD stone			0.348
Single CBD stone	12 (60)	9 (45)
Multiple CBD stones	8 (40)	11 (55)
Mean number of CBD stone extracted	1.9 ± 1.7	3.0 ± 3.2	0.316
The largest diameter of CBD stone (mm)			0.624
mean ± SD	12.3 ± 3.8	14.1 ± 4.6
median (range)	14.0 (5.0-15.8)	13.6 (7.0-20.0)
Open conversion	0	0	1.000
Addition of another port	0	0	1.000
Gallbladder pathology			0.234
Gangrene/empyema	1 (5)	4 (20)
Acute inflammation	3 (15)	3 (15)
Chronic inflammation	16 (80)	13 (65)
Drain placed	19 (95)	3 (15)	< 0.001
Pethidine dose (mg/kg)	92.5 ± 120.1	46.5 ± 63.5	0.010
Postoperative hospital stay (d)			0.010
mean ± SD	5.1 ± 1.7	3.8 ± 2.0
median (range)	5.0 (2.0-8.0)	3.0 (2.0-9.0)
Postoperative complication			0.275
Infected subhepatic collection	1	0
Minor bile leak	0	1
Subhepatic seroma	0	1

CBD: Common bile duct; CL-CBDE: Conventional laparoscopic common bile duct exploration; nSIL-CBDE: Needlescopic grasper-assisted single-incision laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.