Innovative technique of needlescopic grasper-assisted single-incision laparoscopic common bile duct exploration: A comparative study

Table 1 Demographic and preoperative patient characteristics n (%)

	CL-LCBDE(n = 20)	nSIL-CBDE(n = 20)	P value
Age (yr)	51.0 ± 19.3	60.5 ± 17.2	0.068
Male:female	9:11	9:11
Body mass index (kg/m²)			0.064
mean ± SD	25.00 ± 3.97	22.55 ± 2.69
median (range)	25.10 (19.60-34.80)	22.45 (17.16-27.69)
ASA classification			0.010
1	3 (15)	10 (50)
2	15 (75)	10 (50)
3	2 (10)	0 (0)
Comorbidity			0.231
CCI = 0	17 (85)	20 (100)
CCI ≥ 1	3 (15)	0 (0)
Previous abdominal surgery)	4 (20)	4 (20)	1.000
Laboratory parameters
Total leukocyte count (cells/mm3)	9117 ± 3756	9123 ± 2569	0.274
ALT (IL/dL)	319 ± 267	215 ± 240	0.068
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	3.71 ± 2.24	2.18 ± 2.02	0.079
Alkaline phosphatase (IL/dL)	610 ± 321	453 ± 342	0.069
Radiological parameters
Gallbladder wall thickening (≥ 4 mm)	4 (20)	7 (35)	0.480
Acute cholangitis	17 (85)	14 (70)	0.294
CBD stone(s)			1.000
Definite	18 (90)	19 (95)
Suspicious	2 (10)	1 (5)
Indication of CBDE			0.025
Primary intervention	7 (35)	15 (75)
Secondary intervention	13 (65)	5 (25)
After ERCP failure	7 (35)	5 (25)
Remnant CBD stone(s) after ERCP	6 (30)	0 (0)
Admission route			1.000
ER	12 (60)	13 (65)
OPD	8 (40)	7 (35)

ALT: Alanine transaminase; CBD: Common bile duct; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; CL-CBDE: Conventional laparoscopic common bile duct exploration; ER: Emergency room; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; nSIL-CBDE: Needlescopic grasper-assisted single-incision laparoscopic common bile duct exploration; OPD: Outpatient clinic.