Hepatitis C virus NS5A promotes insulin resistance through IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and increased gluconeogenesis

Figure 5 Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A favors gluconeogenic gene expression. Total cellular RNA was extracted from hepatitis C virus (HCV, A) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A, B) transfected cells and control cells. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for the targeted genes as described in Materials and Methods. 18S rRNA was used as a housekeeping gene. Data represent mean of three independent experiments. ^aP < 0.05 vs control group. Data were analyzed with Graph Pad Prism, and 2-tail error bars represent SE of the data. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; PEPCK: Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase; G6P: Glucose-6-phosphatase; CREB: CRE-binding protein.