Cooperative laparoscopic endoscopic and hybrid laparoscopic surgery for upper gastrointestinal tumors: Current status

Table 3 Cooperative laparoscopic endoscopic techniques data comparison

Technique name	Lesion	Location	Endoscopy team role	Surgical team role	Closure type	Specimen retrieval	No. papers2	No. cases2
LAER[6,8,9,16]	SMT	Stomach, Duodenum	Endoscopic resection	Monitoring	No closure	Endoscopic	4	10
EAWR[6,13-29]	SMT, EGC	Stomach, Duodenum	Tumor localization, exposure	Full thickness resection	Stapler/sutures	Surgical	17	523
EATR[16,18,22,25,30,31]	SMT	Stomach	Tumor localization	Mucosal resection, full thickness resection	Stapler/sutures	Surgical	6	70
LIGS[13,15,20,25,27,28,30,32,34-38]	SMT, EGC	Stomach	Tumor localization, exposure	Mucosal resection, full thickness resection	Stapler/sutures/endo clips	Endoscopic, surgical	13	101
ELIS[39-41]	SMT	Stomach	Tumor localization, exposure, endoscopic guidance	Stapling	Stapler/sutures	Endoscopic, surgical	3	13
single port LIGS[25,42,43]	SMT	Stomach	Tumor localization	Mucosal resection, full thickness resection	Open sutures	Surgical	3	13
LECS[44-51]	SMT, EDC	Stomach, Duodenum	Submucosal dissection	Seromuscular disection	Stapler	Surgical	8	72
Inverted LECS[52]	EGC	Stomach	Submucosal dissection	Seromuscular disection	Stapler	Endoscopic	1	1
LAEFR[53,55-57]	SMT, EGC1	Stomach	Full thickness resection	Full thickness resection	Sutures	Surgical, endoscopic	5	48
Clean-NET[58,71]	SMT, EGC	Stomach	Tumor localization, submucosal injection	Seromuscular disection	Stapler	Surgical	1	16
NEWS[60,61]	GIST, EGC1	Stomach	Submucosal dissection	Seromuscular disection	Sutures	Endoscopic	2	7

¹Associated with sentinel lymph node dissection;

²Including publications with < 10 patients and case reports. LAER: Laparoscopy assisted endoscopic resection; LECS: Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery; LAEFR: Laparoscopy-assisted endoscopic full thickness resection; NEWS: Non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery; EAWR: Endoscope-assisted laparoscopic wedge resection; EATR: Endoscope-assisted laparoscopic transgastric surgery; LIGS: Laparoscopic intragastric surgery, ELIS: Endoscope-assisted laparoscopic intragastric stapling; SMT: Submucosal tumors; EGC: Early gastric cancer (T1a, T1b); EDC: Early duodenal cancer; Clean-NET: Clean non exposure technique.