Role of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C

Table 2 The studies evaluating the role of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and/or liver tissue in the development of cirrhosis in surface antigen of hepatitis B virus-negative patients with chronic hepatitis C

First author, year	No. of patients	Country	Type of study	Liver disease	Sample for HBV-DNA detection	Cirrhosis, positive/tested, n/n (%)		P value
						OBI+	OBI-
Cacciola 1999[31]	200	Italy	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis	Liver	22/66 (33.3)	26/134 (19.4)	0.040
Fukuda 1999[35]	65	Japan	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis	Serum	5/34 (14.7)	3/31 (9.7)	NS
Giannini 2003[38]	119	Italy	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis	Serum	2/8 (25.0)	32/111 (28.8)	NS
Silva 2004[71]	59	Brazil	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis	Serum	2/10 (20.0)	6/49 (12.0)	NS
Toberson 2004[70]	180	United States	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis	Serum	8/81 (9.9)1	11/99 (11.1)1	NS
Hui 2006[72]	74	United States	Cohort	CH/cirrhosis	Serum	6/31 (19.4)2	8/43 (18.6)2	NS
Hui 2006[73]	118	United States	Cohort	Liver transplantation	Serum	8/41 (19.5)2	13/77 (16.9)2	NS
Mrani 2007[67]	203	France	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis	Serum	28/47 (60.0)	52/156 (33.3)	< 0.001
Laguno 2008[65]	90	Spain	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis	Serum	8/15 (53.3)3	37/75 (49.3)3	NS
Matsuoka 2008[68]	468	Japan	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis	Serum	37/204 (18.1)	28/264 (10.6)	0.002
Sagnelli 2008[44]	89	Italy	Cohort	CH/cirrhosis	Serum/PBMC/liver	10/37 (27.0)3	19/52 (36.5)3	NS
Emara 2010[74]	155	Egypt	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis	Serum	0/6 (0.0)	4/149 (2.7)	0.020
Squadrito 2013[69]	326	Italy	Cohort	CH/cirrhosis	Liver	30/128 (23.4)	25/198 (12.6)	< 0.01

¹Advanced fibrosis (Ishak score 3-6);

²Severe fibrosis (Metavir score F3-F4);

³Advanced fibrosis (Scheuer score > 2); ⁴Severe fibrosis (Scheuer score 3-4). CH: Chronic hepatitis; PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; NS: Not significant; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; OBI: Occult HBV infection.