Are faecal markers good indicators of mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease?

Table 4 Studies investigating the correlation between FC concentrations and histologic activity in subjects with inflammatory bowel diseases

Ref.	Number of participants		Population	Histology index used	Histology indexcut off	Faecal calprotectincut off (μg/g)	Outcome measures				Correlation
	CD	UC					Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	r value	P value
Crohn’s disease studies
Sipponen et al[18]	61		Adult	D'Haens (ileocolonic)		< 100	-	-	-	-	0.563	< 0.01
				D'Haens (ileal)		< 100	-	-	-	-	0.311	> 0.05
Sipponen et al[19]	15		Adult	D'Haens (pretreatment colonic)		< 200	-	-	-	-	0.522	0.046
				D'Haens (posttreatment colonic)		< 200	-	-	-	-	-	> 0.05
				D'Haens (ileal)		< 200	-	-	-	-	-	> 0.05
Canani et al[50]	26		Paediatric	Saverymuttu	≤ 1	143	-	-	-	-	0.681	< 0.0001
Kaiser et al[42]	32		Adult	Unique score	0	< 50	-	-	-	-	0.412	< 0.05
D'Incà et al[28]	31		Adult	Fazio		> 80	81%	80%	95%	-	0.117	0.545
Fagerberg et al[43]	22		Paediatric	Unique score		< 50	95%	93%	95%	93%	-	< 0.00001
Mixed inflammatory bowel disease population studies
Vieira et al[30]	38	40	Adult	Unique score		> 200	77%	100%	100%	68%	-	0
Canani et al[50]	26	32	Paediatric	Saverymuttu	≤ 1	143	94%	64%	81%	87%	0.655	< 0.05
D'Incà et al[28]	31	46	Adult	Fazio; Floren (SES-CD; Mayo)	> 80	79	74%	92%	-	-	-
Fagerberg et al[31]	27	10	Paediatric	Saverymuttu	≤ 2	< 50	93%	73%	90%	80%	0.75	< 0.001
						< 85.7	93%	82%	93%	82%
				Saverymuttu			-	-	-	-	0.79	< 0.001
Kolho et al[44]	9	16	Paediatric	Farup		50	-	-	69%	100%	-	-
						100	-	-	72%	96%	-	-
Bunn et al[53]	2	9	Paediatric	Saverymuttu	≤ 6	6.3	100%	80%	-	-	0.74	< 0.01
Ulcerative colitis studies
Canani et al[50]		32	Paediatric	Saverymuttu	≤ 1	143	-	-	-	-	0.661	< 0.0001
D'Incà et al[28]		46	Adult	Floren		> 80	78%	70%	90%	-	0.323	0.042
Kaiser et al[42]		27	Adult	Unique score		< 50	-	-	-	-	0.311	0.14
Røseth et al[37]		62	Adult	Farup	≤ 1	< 10	-	50%	-	-	0.70	< 0.0001
						< 20	-	81%	-	-

CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; SES-CD: Simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease[54]; Mayo: Mayo endoscopic sub-scoring of ulcerative colitis[56]; Saverymuttu: Non-standard endoscopic scoring system[58]; Farup: Non-standard endoscopic scoring system[61]; D’Haens: Non-standard histologic scoring system[65]; Fazio: Non-standard histologic scoring system[66]; Floren: Non-standard histologic scoring system[67].