Are faecal markers good indicators of mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease?

Table 3 Studies investigating the correlation between other faecal marker concentrations and endoscopic activity in subjects with inflammatory bowel diseases

Ref.	Number of participants		Population	Endoscopic index used	Endoscopic indexcut off	Faecal marker measured	Faecal marker cut off	Outcome measures				Correlation
	CD	UC						Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	r value	P value
Nancey et al[45]	78		Adults	SES-CD	≤ 2	Neopterin	200 pmol/g	74	73	73	74	0.47	< 0.001
							150 pmol/g	80	65	68	78
		55	Adults	Rachmilewitz	≤ 2	Neopterin	200 pmol/g	74	100	100	73	0.72	< 0.001
							150 pmol/g	84	100	100	78
Nakarai et al[39]		152	Mixed	Mayo	0	Faecal Hb	< 100 ng/mL	92	71	37	97	0.5409	< 0.0001
						Faecal Hb	< 60 ng/mL	94	74	40	98
				Mayo	≤ 1	Faecal Hb	< 100 ng/mL	60	87	85	64
						Faecal Hb	< 60 ng/mL	58	90	88	64
Langhorst et al[23]	43		Adults	SES-CD		PMN-e	< 0.062 μg/mL	81.8	70	90	54.8	0.32	< 0.05
		42	Adults	Mayo		PMN-e	< 0.062 μg/mL	70.4	66.7	79.2	55.6	0.36	< 0.05
Silberer et al[32]	21	18	Adults	Stange		PMN-e	0.124	79.5	95	-	-	-	< 0.0001
						Lysozyme	1.3	47.5	95	-	-	-	< 0.0001
						α1-AT	158	20	95	-	-	-	-
						Faecal Hb	1.8	61.5	95	-	-	-	-
						Hb-Hp	0.8	64.1	95	-	-	-	-
Moran et al[40]	7	21	Mixed	Farmer		α1-AT	≤ 0.58 mg/g	-	-	-	-	0.83	0.001
Cellier et al[41]	95		Adults	CDEIS		α1-AT		-	-	-	-	0.26	0.001

CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; SES-CD: Simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease[54]; CDEIS: Crohn’s disease endoscopic index of severity[55]; Mayo: Mayo endoscopic sub-scoring of ulcerative colitis[56]; Rachmilewitz: Rachmilewitz endoscopic score[57]; Stange: Non-standard endoscopic scoring system[59,60]; Farmer: Non-standard endoscopic scoring system[64]; Faecal Hb: Faecal haemoglobin; PMN-e: Polymorhonuclear elastase; Hb-Hp: Haemoglobin and Haptoglobin complex.