Impact of discontinuing non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs on long-term recurrence in colonic diverticular bleeding

Table 2 Risk factors for rebleeding after discharge on univariate analysis (n = 132)

Factor	Non-rebleeding/rebleeding	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P
Age > 70 yr	45 (48)/25 (64)	1.6 (0.83-3.1)	0.15
Sex, male	59 (63)/28 (72)	1.1 (0.57-2.3)	0.70
Anatomical distribution of diverticula
Right-sided diverticula	34 (37)/8 (21)	0.49 (0.22-1.1)	0.06
Left-sided diverticula	19 (20)/8 (21)	1.3 (0.60-2.8)	0.51
Bilateral diverticula	40 (43)/23 (59)	1.5 (0.79-2.8)	0.21
Endoscopic procedure	20 (22)/3 (7.7)	0.43 (0.13-1.4)	0.16
Transfusion requirement	25 (27)/12 (31)	1.2 (0.63-2.5)	0.53
Current drinker	90 (97)/36 (92)	0.78 (0.24-2.5)	0.68
Current smoker	26 (28)/10 (26)	0.80 (0.39-1.7)	0.55
NSAID users	4 (4.3)/11 (28)	5.1 (2.5-10)	< 0.01
Low-dose aspirin1 users	20 (22)/9 (23)	0.88 (0.42-1.9)	0.74
Non-aspirin antiplatelet1 users	16 (17)/11 (28)	1.6 (0.78-3.1)	0.21
Anticoagulant1 users	7 (7.5)/2 (5.1)	0.54 (0.13-2.2)	0.38
Acetaminophen users	10 (11)/3 (7.7)	0.72 (0.22-2.3)	0.58
Corticosteroid users	3 (3.2)/2 (5.1)	1.4 (0.35-6.0)	0.61
Hypertension	55 (60)/28 (72)	1.4 (0.69-2.8)	0.35
Diabetes mellitus	22 (24)/5 (13)	0.52 (0.20-1.3)	0.16
Dyslipidemia	20 (22)/9 (23)	0.88 (0.42-1.8)	0.73
Cardiovascular disease	25 (27)/8 (21)	0.55 (0.25-1.2)	0.13
Cerebrovascular disease	1 (1.1)/1 (2.6)	1.4 (0.19-10)	0.76
Chronic liver disease	3 (3.2)/2 (5.1)	1.4 (0.34-5.9)	0.62
Hemodialysis	2 (2.2)/5 (13)	4.0 (1.5-10)	< 0.01

¹Non-selective NSAIDs included loxoprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, etodolac, zaltoprofen, meloxicam, lornoxicam, and celecoxib (n = 3). Distribution type was defined as follows: right-sided, involving the transverse or proximal colon; left-sided, involving the descending or distal colon; or bilateral, involving the entire colon. Low-dose aspirin included enteric-coated aspirin (100 mg) and buffered aspirin (81 mg). Non-aspirin antiplatelets included ticlopidine, clopidogrel, cilostazol, dipyridamole, sarpogrelate hydrochloride, ethyl icosapentate, dilazep, limaprost, and beraprost. Anticoagulants included warfarin and dabigatran etexilate. CI: Confidence interval; NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.