Colectomy is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism in ulcerative colitis

Table 3 Independent predictors of venous thromboembolism for all ulcerative colitis patients; those admitted emergently to hospital and were medically responsive or underwent emergent colectomy; and those who underwent an emergent or elective colectomy

	Full cohort VTE (n = 1020)Adjusted OR (95%CI)	Emergent and medically responsive cohort VTE (n = 690)1Adjusted OR (95%CI)	Emergent and elective cohort VTE (n = 637)1Adjusted OR (95%CI)
Age, yr
18-32	1.00	1.00	1.00
33-47	1.56 (0.68-3.56)	2.44 (0.81-7.34)	1.35 (0.56-3.27)
≥ 48	1.63 (0.74-3.59)	2.29 (0.79-6.66)	1.65 (0.72-3.75)
Disease course
Medical responsive	1.00	1.00	Not applicable
Elective colectomy	3.69 (1.30-10.44)	Not applicable	1.00
Emergent colectomy	5.28 (1.93-14.45)	4.62 (1.66-12.88)	1.59 (0.82-3.07)
VTE prophylaxis2
No	Not applicable	1.00	1.00
Yes		2.24 (0.99-5.03)	1.38 (0.32-6.00)
In-hospital complication
No	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	2.68 (1.42-5.05)	2.80 (1.26-6.24)	2.53 (1.32-4.85)
Year	1.10 (1.01-1.20)	Not significant3	Not significant3

¹One patient was excluded in each of these cases due to missing data.

²VTE prophylaxis with anticoagulants (e.g., heparin) was assessed preoperatively/in-hospital for the emergent colectomy and medically responsive cohort, and postoperatively for the emergent and elective colectomy cohort. VTE prophylaxis was not modeled for the entire cohort.

³P value was > 0.1 when fitted into the regression model using stepwise selection. The following variables were tested in the multivariate model, but were not independent predictors in any of the models: sex, disease duration, comorbidities, extra-intestinal manifestations, extent of disease, blood in stool and frequency of bowel movements. 5-ASA: Azathioprine, prednisone, and infliximab; VTE: Venous thromboembolism.