β-escin reverses multidrug resistance through inhibition of the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in cholangiocarcinoma

Table 2 Effect of β-escin in combination with vincristine sulfate on QBC939 and QBC939/5-fluorouracil cells

β-escin	VCR	QBC939			QBC939/5-FU
(μmol/L)	(μmol/L)	A490	CI	IC50	A490	CI	IC50
0	0	1.112 ± 0.093			1.005 ± 0.042
5	0	0.989 ± 0.089			0.988 ± 0.086
10	0	0.902 ± 0.064			0.933 ± 0.067
20	0	0.674 ± 0.044			0.712 ± 0.044
0	20	0.922 ± 0.071			0.992 ± 0.052
0	40	0.752 ± 0.053		102 ± 1.83	0.892 ± 0.035		125 ± 2.37
0	80	0.689 ± 0.032			0.743 ± 0.028
5	20	0.901 ± 0.045	1.0981		0.985 ± 0.035	1.0101
5	40	0.687 ± 0.052	1.0271	88 ± 2.47	0.851 ± 0.022	0.9613	104 ± 1.59
5	80	0.614 ± 0.042	1.0021		0.698 ± 0.017	0.9463
10	20	0.815 ± 0.036	1.0891		0.901 ± 0.043	0.9783
10	40	0.631 ± 0.026	1.0341	72 ± 1.53	0.784 ± 0.035	0.9463	82 ± 2.57
10	80	0.556 ± 0.024	0.9953		0.602 ± 0.011	0.8723
20	20	0.559 ± 0.025	1.0002		0.605 ± 0.021	0.8613
20	40	0.368 ± 0.011	0.8073	18 ± 1.25	0.499 ± 0.009	0.7893	35 ± 1.36
20	80	0.289 ± 0.008	0.6924		0.326 ± 0.010	0.6194

¹Antagonism, CI > 1;

²Additivity, CI = 1;

³Synergy, CI < 1;

⁴Significant synergy, CI < 0.7. VCR: Vincristine sulfate.