β-escin reverses multidrug resistance through inhibition of the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in cholangiocarcinoma

Table 1 Effect of β-escin in combination with 5-fluorouracil on QBC939 and QBC939/5-fluorouracil cells

β-escin(μmol/L)	5-FU(μmol/L)	QBC939			QBC939/5-FU
		A490	CI	IC50	A490	CI	IC50
0	0	1.058 ± 0.073			0.998 ± 0.063
5	0	1.003 ± 0.112			0.992 ± 0.091
10	0	0.943 ± 0.088			0.894 ± 0.072
20	0	0.658 ± 0.033			0.653 ± 0.027
0	20	0.964 ± 0.023			0.997 ± 0.051
0	40	0.872 ± 0.067		114 ± 2.17	0.952 ± 0.071		135 ± 2.59
0	80	0.812 ± 0.089			0.882 ± 0.099
5	20	0.932 ± 0.014	1.0191		0.989 ± 0.031	1.0002
5	40	0.852 ± 0.082	1.0311	101 ± 1.14	0.901 ± 0.062	0.9523	130 ± 2.75
5	80	0.798 ± 0.041	1.0371		0.797 ± 0.026	0.9093
10	20	0.892 ± 0.066	1.0381		0.851 ± 0.045	0.9533
10	40	0.802 ± 0.072	1.0311	96 ± 1.54	0.747 ± 0.036	0.8763	99 ± 2.96
10	80	0.724 ± 0.018	1.0002		0.657 ± 0.031	0.8323
20	20	0.595 ± 0.062	0.9923		0.517 ± 0.041	0.7933
20	40	0.492 ± 0.041	0.9073	31 ± 1.89	0.452 ± 0.020	0.6934	37 ± 1.32
20	80	0.388 ± 0.024	0.7683		0.331 ± 0.015	0.5074

¹Antagonism, CI > 1;

²Additivity, CI = 1;

³Synergy, CI < 1;

⁴Significant synergy, CI < 0.7. 5-FU: 5-fluorouraci.