Copyright
©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 21, 2015; 21(39): 11088-11111
Published online Oct 21, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.11088
Published online Oct 21, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.11088
Table 3 Genes potentially involved in mechanisms of liver injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease evaluated by candidate gene studies
Gene | Functions of encoded protein | SNP |
TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α | Proinflammatory cytokine also involved in the regulation of insulin resistance, release of free fatty acids, and apoptosis in hepatocytes | rs1800629 |
rs361525 | ||
rs1799964 | ||
rs1800630 | ||
TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis -inducing ligand | Protein functioning as a ligand that induces celluar apoptosis | rs6763816 rs4491934 |
IL-6, interleukin-6 | Proinflammatory cytokine produced by adipocytes, hepatocytes, and immune cells also involved in the modulation of insulin resistance | rs1800795 |
IL-1β, interleukin-1β | Member of IL-1 family cytokine, mainly produced by adipose tissue | rs16944 |
TLR4, toll-like receptor 4 | Receptor involved in the interaction with bacterial endotoxins capable to favor hepatic injury and a proinflammatory systemic status | rs4986790 |
IL28B, interleukin-28B | Cytokine belonging to the type III Interferon family | rs12979860 |
SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2 | Manganese-dependent mitochondrial enzyme involved in protection from cellular injury induced by superoxide radicals | rs4880 |
CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1 | Part of the cytochrome P450 complex | rs2031920 |
UCP3, uncoupling protein 3 | Mitochondrial anion carrier involved in the metabolism of superoxide radicals and in the modulation of lipid homeostasis | rs1800849 rs11235972 |
UCP2, uncoupling protein 2 | Similar to uncoupling protein 3 | rs695366 |
MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase | Enzyme involved in the methylation of homocysteine to methionine | rs1801133 |
rs1801131 | ||
GCLC, Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit | Limiting enzyme in the formation of glutathione, a relevant endogen antioxidant | rs17883901 |
HFE, hemochromatosis | Crucial protein for the regulation of iron homeostasis via the modulation of the expression of hepcidin | rs1800562 |
rs1799945 | ||
TMPRSS6, trans-membrane protease serine 6 | Matriptase-2, which cleaves the membrane-bound hemojuvelin, the co-receptor required for hepcidin expression in the liver | rs855791 |
KLF6, kruppel-like factor 6 | One of the Kruppel-like factors, a family of transcriptional factors that regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis | rs3750861 |
TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1 | In the liver, a promoter of hepatic fibrosis via the activation of hepatic stellate cells | rs1800471 |
ATII, angiotensin II | Part of the renin-angiotensin system, also advocated as an inducer of TGF-β1 production and accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver | rs699 |
AGTR1, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor | Type 1 Receptor of Angiotensin II | rs3772622 rs3772633 rs2276736 rs3772630 rs3772627 |
- Citation: Macaluso FS, Maida M, Petta S. Genetic background in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(39): 11088-11111
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v21/i39/11088.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.11088