Dimethyl sulfoxide inhibits zymosan-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction

Figure 1 Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 levels in rat intestine at 4, 8, and 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of zymosan. Intestine samples were obtained at 4, 8, and 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of zymosan. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8 per group at each time point). ^aP < 0.05 vs group SS and group SD; ^bP < 0.05 vs group ZS. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-10: Interleukin-10; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; SS: Sham with administration of normal saline; SD: Sham with administration of DMSO; ZS: Zymosan with administration of normal saline; ZD: Zymosan with administration of DMSO.