Hepatitis C virus markers in infection by hepatitis C virus: In the era of directly acting antivirals

Table 1 Viral and host markers useful for the management or treatment of chronic hepatitis C

	Roles in the Peg-IFN era	Roles in the DAA era
Anti-HCV assay	Diagnosis/screening	Diagnosis/screening
HCV-RNA assay	Diagnosis/active replication	Diagnosis/active replication
	Pre-treatment predictor of response to antiviral treatments	Assessment of response to treatment
	Monitoring antiviral treatment
	Assessment of response to treatment
HCV genotype	Pre-treatment predictor of response to antiviral treatments	Choosing the most appropriate DAA regimen
HCV Q80K polymorphism	None	Selecting patients with HCV-genotype 1a for the simeprevir plus Peg-IFN regimen
Markers of liver fibrosis (liver biopsy/non-invasive methods)	Staging of liver disease	Staging of liver disease
	Pre-treatment predictors of response to antiviral treatments	Selecting the patients with urgency for DAA-based treatment
IL-28B polymorphism	Pre-treatment predictor of response to antiviral treatments	Pre-treatment predictor of response only in Peg-IFN-based regimens
ITPA polymorphism	Pre-treatment predictive factor of hemolytic anemia during ribavirin-based regimen	Indicator of risk/benefit of using ribavirin in a DAA-based regimen

Peg-IFN: Pegylated interferon; DAAs: Directly acting antivirals; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; IL: Interleukin.