Three-dimensional vs two-dimensional video assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer

Figure 1 Pain intensity. The pain intensity of the patients undergoing the three-dimensional video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy (3D-VATE) and two-dimensional (2D)-VATE was showed via the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). The pain degree of the patients on postoperative PODs 3, 5 and POMs 1, 2 and 3 indicated a statistically significant difference between the 3D group and the 2D group (P < 0.05). 3D vs 2D, POD 3: 3.93 ± 0.84 vs 5.48 ± 1.15, P = 0.002; POD 5: 3.96 ± 0.82 vs 5.40 ± 1.01, P = 0.01; POM 1: 4.69 ± 1.15 vs 5.63 ± 1.44, P = 0.048; POM 2: 3.87 ± 0.94 vs 4.75 ± 1.2, P = 0.029; POM 3: 2.07 ± 0.863 vs 3.38 ± 1.20, P = 0.007. pre-op: Preoperation; POD: Postoperative day; POM: Postoperative month.