Three-dimensional vs two-dimensional video assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer

Table 4 Preoperative baselines of pulmonary function

	3D-VATE (%)(n = 45)	2D-VATE (%)(n = 48)	P value
Smoking1	7 (15.6)	9 (18.8)	0.91
FEV1 (L)	2.73 ± 0.36	2.77 ± 0.36	0.65
FEV1%	85.1 ± 5.8	86.6 ± 6.5	0.26
Dlco%	91.9 ± 3.88	92.8 ± 3.78	0.23
PaO2 (mmHg)	407.8 ± 19.7	402.1 ± 18.7	0.16
BMI	22.5 ± 2.0	22.2 ± 2.0	0.44
ASA class	2.58 ± 0.54	2.58 ± 0.53	0.96

¹Smoking (in the past year). FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in one second; Dlco: Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; PaO₂: Oxygen tension; BMI: Body mass index; ASA class: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system; 3D: Three-dimensional; 2D: Two-dimensional.