Three-dimensional vs two-dimensional video assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer

Table 2 Postoperative morbidity and mortality n (%)

	3D-VATE(n = 45)	3D-VATE(n = 48)	P value
Morbidity	13 (28.9)	8 (16.7)	0.328
Mortality	1 (2.2)	1 (2.1)	NS
Pulmonary complications			NS
Pneumonia	5 (11.1)	7 (14.6)	0.76
Re-intubation	4 (8.9)	5 (10.4)
Pulmonary embolism	1 (2.2)	1 (2.1)
Ventilation > 48 h	4 (8.9)	4 (8.3)
Wound infections			NS
Neck	0 (0)	0 (0)
Thorax	0 (0)	1 (2.1)
Abdomen	0 (0)	0 (0)
Renal complications			NS
Progressive renal insufficiency	0 (0)	0 (0)
Acute renal failure	0 (0)	0 (0)
Urinary tract infections	1 (2.2)	1 (2.1)
Cardiac complications			NS
Cardiac arrest	0 (0)	0 (0)
Myocardial infarction	0 (0)	0 (0)
Tachycardia/arrhythmias	1 (2.2)	4 (8.3)	0.363
Deep venous thrombosis	0 (0)	0 (0)	NS
Anastomotic leakage	1 (2.2)	1 (2.1)	NS
Unplanned return to OR	2 (4.4)	4 (8.3)	0.678

NS: Not significant; OR: Operating room; 3D-VATE: Three-dimensional video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy.