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©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2015; 21(37): 10510-10527
Published online Oct 7, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10510
Published online Oct 7, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10510
Table 3 Common protein biomarkers used in clinical settings for gastric cancer management
Biomarker | Name of protein | Clinical application | Related cancer types |
CEA | Carcinoembryonic antigen | Used as a diagnostic aid in different cancers, primarily colorectal cancer. Additionally used as an aid for monitoring response to treatment and detecting recurrence of disease | Colorectal, pancreatic, breast, lung, thyroid, ovarian, endometrial, liver, and bladder cancers. Elevated in benign conditions, such as smoking, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, biliary obstruction, and bronchitis |
CA19-9 | Cancer antigen 19-9 | Used as an aid for assessing the effectiveness of treatment and for detecting the recurrence of disease | Colorectal, oesophageal, liver, and pancreatic cancers. Elevated levels common in benign conditions, such as pancreatitis, biliary disease, cirrhosis, and cystic fibrosis (acute phase) |
CA72-4 | Cancer antigen 72-4 | Used as an aid for monitoring response to treatment and for detecting the recurrence of disease | Ovarian, breast, colon, endometrial, gallbladder, and pancreatic cancer. Elevated levels in rheumatoid arthritis and ovarian cysts |
AFP | Alpha fetoprotein | Used as an aid to assess response to cancer treatment | Nonseminomatous germ cell tumours, hepatocellular carcinoma, colon, pancreatic, and biliary cancers. Elevated in benign conditions, such as viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and pregnancy |
b-HCG | Free beta-subunit of human choriogonadotropin | Used as an aid to assess response to cancer treatment | Testicular, ovarian, trophoblastic tumours (choriocarcinomas and invasive hydatidiform moles), pancreatic, lung, bladder, and, rarely, lymphoma and breast cancers. Elevated in benign conditions, such as hypogonadal states, marijuana use; rarely, it is elevated during pregnancy and in postmenopausal women |
PG I/II | Pepsinogen I/II ratio | Used as aid for detecting atrophic gastritis | - |
HER2/neu | Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, ERBB2 | Used as an aid in the selection of appropriate treatment and monitoring treatment responses | Breast (primary or metastatic), lung, bladder and pancreatic cancers, Wilm’s tumour |
- Citation: Hudler P. Challenges of deciphering gastric cancer heterogeneity. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(37): 10510-10527
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v21/i37/10510.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10510