Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and gastroesophageal reflux

Table 2 Negative impact of sleeve gastrectomy on gastroesophageal reflux disease

Ref.	Nature of the study	Patients, n	Pre-operative BMI (kg/m2)	GERD evaluation	Follow-up (mo)	GERD (%) Preop	GERD (%) Postop
Himpens et al[21], 2006	Prospective randomized: GB vs LSG	40	39	Clinical evaluation	36	-	De Novo
							At 1 yr: 21.8%
							At 3 yr: 3.1%
Arias et al[23], 2009	Retrospective review	130	43.2	NA	36	0	De novo: 2.1%
Braghetto et al[25], 2010	Retrospective review, and literature review	167	37 ± 4.4	Clinical score: EGD, EM	-	-	Increase
Braghetto et al[26], 2010	Retrospective review	20	38.3	Clinical score: EM	-	-	Increase
Lakdawala et al[27], 2010	Retrospective review	50	-	-	12	-	Increase
Himpens et al[22], 2010	Retrospective review	30	39.9	NA	72	3.30%	23%
Carter et al[28], 2011	Retrospective review	176	46.6	Clinical evaluation	24	34.60%	47.2%
							33.8% (of total) under medication
Howard et al[29], 2011	Retrospective review	28	55.5	Clinical evaluation UGICS	8	7 (25%)	11 (39%)
							De novo: 18%
Soricelli et al[24], 2013	Retrospective review: SG + HHR	378	44 ± 3.5	Clinical score: EGD, UGICS, EM. 24-h pH	18	60/378 (15.8%)	71/ 378 (18.7%)
						SG: 19/281 (6.7%)	SG: 68 (24%)
						SG+HHR: 41/97 (42%)	SG+HHR: 3/97 (3.1%)
Sieber et al[30], 2014	Retrospective review	68	43 ± 8	Clinical evaluation: EGD, UGICS, EM	60	50%	Persistance : 44.1%
							De novo: 16%
Gorodner et al[31], 2014	Retrospective review. Influence of LSG on GERD	14	40 ± 6	Demeester score: BM, EGD, EM. 24-h pH	14	4 (29%)	9 (64%)
Burgerhart et al[32], 2014	Prospective study	20	47.6 ± 6.1	RDQ; EM. 24-h pH	3	14 (70%)	Persistance: 8 (57%)
						Acid exposure: 4.1 %	No change: 2 (14%)
							Worsening: 6 (43%)
							De novo: 10%
							Acid exposure: 12%
Dupree et al[33], 2014	Retrospective review	4832	47 ± 9	Clinical evaluation	36	44.50%	Persistence: 84.1%
							De novo: 8.6%
Total: 13 studies

LSG: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; BM: Barium meal; EGD: Esophogastroduodenoscopy; EM: Esophageal manometry; HHR: Hiatal hernia repair; UGICS: Upper gastrointestinal contrast study; NA: Not available; GB: Gastric banding; RDQ: Reflux-disease questionnaire.