Hepatitis B virus reactivation associated with antirheumatic therapy: Risk and prophylaxis recommendations

Table 2 Studies evaluating the prevalence of resolved hepatitis B virus infection and hepatitis B surface antigen carriers in patients with rheumatic diseases

Study	Author	Country	Publication (year)	Disease	Total numbers	Resolved infection1n (%)	HBsAg carriers n (%)	Vaccination n (%)	Ref.
1	Charpin	France	2009	RA, PsA, AS	504	58 (11.5)	2 (0.4)	ND	[46]
2	Vassilopoulos	Greece	2010	RA, SpA, others	131	19 (14.5)	14 (10.7)	19 (14.5)	[47]
3	Caporali	Italy	2010	RA, AS, PsA	732	67 (9.2)	5 (0.7)	ND	[48]
4	Giardina	Italy	2013	RA, AS, PsA	57	15 (26.3)2	3 (5.3)	ND	[55]
5	Biondo	Italy	2014	RA, AS, PsA	169 (HBsAg-negative)	20 (11.8)	-	24 (14.2)	[57]
6	Ballanti	Italy	2014	RA	344	25 (7.3)	1 (0.2)	ND	[58]
7	Barone	Italy	2015	RA, PsA, SpA, AS, others	1138	179 (15.7)	0	ND	[60]
8	Kim	South Korea	2010	RA, AS, PsA, JRA	266	88 (33.1)	8 (3.0)	ND	[29]
9	Urata	Japan	2011	RA	428	135 (31.5)2	6 (1.4)	ND	[49]
10	Tamori	Japan	2011	RA	50 (anti-HBc-positive)	45	5 (10)	-	[50]
11	Mori	Japan	2011	RA	239	60 (25.1)	2 (0.8)	ND	[51]
12	Kato	Japan	2011	RA, SLE, Vasculitis, others	414	35 (8.5)	ND	ND	[52]
13	Nakamura	Japan	2014	RA	251	57 (22.7)2	1 (0.4)	6 (2.4)	[59]
14	Lan	Taiwan	2011	RA	106	70 (66.0)	18 (17.0)	ND	[53]
15	Tan	China	2012	RA	390	188 (48.2)	27 (6.9)	ND	[54]
16	Ye	China	2014	RA, AS, PsA	98	50 (51.0)	37 (37.8)	ND	[56]

¹Resolved HBV infection was defined as HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc-positive serology;

²In these studies, HBsAg-negative/anti-HBs-positive/anti-HBc-negative serology was also considered to indicate resolved infection if patients had no previous HBV vaccination. HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HBc: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody; RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; SpA: Spondyloarthropathy; AS: Ankylosing spondylitis; PsA: Psoriatic arthritis; JRA: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus; ND: Not described.