Correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver with metabolic risk factors and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity

Table 3 Relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and high brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity after stratification of metabolic risk factors n (%)

Variable	NAFLD	Males (n = 6662)			Females (n = 1941)
		Subjects with high baPWV	OR (95%CI)	P value	Subjects with high baPWV	OR (95%CI)	P value
MS
No	No	1033 (39.5)	Ref		296 (23.3)	Ref	-
	Yes	1089 (58.2)	1.280 (1.139-1.439)	< 0.001	139 (43.7)	2.550 (1.972-3.297)	< 0.001
Yes	No	185 (66.5)	Ref	-	76 (70.4)	Ref	-
	Yes	1259 (69.4)	1.142 (0.873-1.494)	0.331	173 (70.0)	0.984 (0.600-1.614)	0.950
High BP
No	No	698 (35.9)	Ref	-	185 (16.3)	Ref	-
	Yes	990 (43.5)	1.374 (1.214-1.556)	<0.001	139 (39.7)	3.383 (2.593-4.413)	< 0.001
Yes	No	520 (73.6)	Ref	-	187 (77.6)	Ref	-
	Yes	1352 (78.8)	1.339 (1.093-1.641)	0.005	173 (80.5)	1.189 (0.756-1.871)	0.453
High WC
No	No	947 (43.7)	Ref	-	218 (20.5)	Ref	-
	Yes	886 (54.8)	1.559 (1.369-1.775)	< 0.001	75 (47.5)	3.503 (2.478-4.950)	< 0.001
Yes	No	271 (55.5)	Ref	-	154 (48.2)
	Yes	1462 (61.2)	1.262 (1.036-1.536)	0.021	237 (58.2)	1.439 (1.070-1.936)	0.016
High FPG
No	No	1019 (43.2)	Ref	-	326 (25.1)	Ref	-
	Yes	1573 (53.4)	1.508 (1.352-1.681)	< 0.001	210 (48.4)	2.801 (2.234-3.512)	< 0.001
Yes	No	199 (67.9)	Ref	-	46 (60.5)	Ref	_
	Yes	775 (73.0)	1.280 (0.967-1.694)	0.084	102 (77.9)	2.294 (1.237-4.255)	0.008
High TG
No	No	919 (44.2)	Ref	-	315 (25.2)	Ref	-
	Yes	959 (54.1)	1.486 (1.308-1.688)	< 0.001	199 (52.6)	3.296 (2.596-4.186)	< 0.001
Yes	No	299 (52.0)	Ref	-	57 (49.9)	Ref	-
	Yes	1389 (62.2)	1.517 (1.262-1.825)	< 0.001	113 (60.4)	1.875 (1.188-2.960)	0.007
Low HDL
No	No	933 (45.5)	Ref	-	210 (25.4)	Ref	-
	Yes	1368 (59.2)	1.709 (1.515-1.927)	< 0.001	108 (50.7)	3.027 (2.218-4.131)	< 0.001
Yes	No	285 (45.9)	Ref	-	162 (29.6)	Ref	-
	Yes	980 (57.8)	1.614 (1.341-1.941)		204 (58.0)	3.284 (2.482-4.346)	< 0.001
High TC
No	No	868 (45.1)	Ref	-	245 (22.6)	Ref	-
	Yes	1373 (56.6)	1.588 (1.408-1.791)	< 0.001	190 (49.5)	3.350 (2.621-4.282)	< 0.001
Yes	No	350 (48.1)	Ref	-	127 (43.3)	Ref	_
	Yes	975 (61.7)	1.736 (1.454-2.073)	< 0.001	122 (67.4)	2.703 (1.835-3.981)	< 0.001
High LDL
No	No	867 (44.9)	Ref	-	258 (22.7)	Ref	-
	Yes	1544 (58.9)	1.758 (1.561-1.979)	< 0.001	224 (53.6)	3.925 (3.096-4.975)	< 0.001
Yes	No	351 (48.5)	Ref	-	114 (47.3)	Ref	-
	Yes	804 (58.0)	1.466 (1.223-1.756)	< 0.001	88 (59.9)	1.662 (1.097-2.518)	0.017
High UA
No	No	797 (45.6)	Ref	-	384 (26.4)	Ref	-
	Yes	1544 (58.9)	1.725 (1.523-1.924)	< 0.001	260 (53.3)	3.202 (2.580-3.973)	< 0.001
Yes	No	239 (45.7)	Ref	-	24 (47.0)	Ref	-
	Yes	857 (59.7)	1.543 (1.260-1.890)	< 0.001	52 (67.5)	2.340 (1.130-4.843)	0.022

SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; WC: Waist circumference; TG: Triglycerides; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; UA: Uric acid; baPWV: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (high baPWV was defined as a value equal to or higher than the median).