Laparoscopic vs open abdominoperineal resection in the multimodality management of low rectal cancers

Table 1 Clinicopathological features of the included patients

	LAPR		OAPR (%)		P value
	Mean, n	SD (%)	Mean, n	SD (%)
Age (yr)	58.01	11.64	56.78	12.28	0.454
BMI	23.13	3.01	22.97	2.85	0.690
Gender					0.583
Male	55	51.9	51	48.1
Female	51	48.1	55	51.9
ASA score					0.783
I	54	50.9	52	49.1
II	51	48.1	53	50.0
III	1	0.9	1	0.9
Neoadjuvant therapy					1.000
No	80	75.5	80	75.5
Yes	26	24.5	26	24.5
Histology					1.000
Adenocarcinoma	97	91.5	98	92.5
Mucinous adenocarcinoma	9	8.5	8	7.5
Pathological stage					1.000
pCR	2	1.9	3	2.8
I	43	40.6	41	38.7
II	24	22.6	24	22.6
III	25	23.6	25	23.6
IV	12	11.3	13	12.3
Lymphovascular invasion					0.846
No	91	85.8	90	84.9
Yes	15	14.2	16	15.1
Perineural invasion					0.366
No	85	80.2	90	84.9
Yes	21	19.8	16	15.1
Grade					0.451
NA	25	23.6	18	17.0
III/IV	19	17.9	23	21.7
I/II	62	58.5	65	61.3
pT category					0.612
pT0	4	3.8	4	3.8
pT1	12	11.3	15	14.2
pT2	40	37.7	31	29.2
pT3	50	47.2	56	52.8
pN category					0.543
pN0	74	69.8	70	66.0
pN1	23	21.7	22	20.8
pN2	9	8.5	14	13.2
Total examined nodes	12.88	6.93	12.91	5.40	0.974
Distance (cm)	3.87	1.34	3.58	1.28	0.099

LAPR: Laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection; OAPR: Open abdominoperineal resection; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; pCR: Pathological complete remission.