Increased catabolism and decreased unsaturation of ganglioside in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Table 4 Relative content of individual GM3, GD3 and GD1a ganglioside species in intestinal mucosa

	Ceramide	Control (BAP) (n = 6)	Control (CRC) (n = 12)	IBD(n = 11)	Pooled SEM
GD3	43:0	8.4c	5.2c	NDd	0.7
	34:1	8.9c	8.2c	20.2d	1.6
	36:1	2.4a	4.0a	6.0b	0.4
	38:1	2.9c	3.9c	10.8d	0.8
	40:1	14.2c	15.9c	48.4d	3.3
	42:1	24.8c	22.0c	NDd	2.3
	40:2	1.0c	1.1c	3.67d	0.3
	42:2	26.8c	31.8c	NDd	2.9
	42:3	3.1c	2.4c	NDd	0.3
GD1a	43:0	4.3c	3.0c	NDd	0.4
	34:1	6.5a	3.1a	12.0b	1.1
	36:1	16.9	14.8	24.0	2.3
	38:1	8.7c	8.8c	19.3d	1.3
	40:1	13.1c	13.9c	33.9d	2.4
	42:1	15.3c	15.1c	NDd	1.8
	40:2	2.0a	1.7a	4.3b	0.4
	42:2	22.2c	28.5c	NDd	2.7
	42:3	3.5c	3.4c	NDd	0.4

Mean relative individual ganglioside species stratified by ceramide composition are presented. Ceramide composition within ganglioside is shown by the number of carbon atoms (34-43): number of unsaturated bonds (0-3). Superscript letters (a, b) denote differences (P < 0.05) among study groups; Superscript letters (c, d) denote differences (P < 0.01) among study groups. ND: Not detected; SEM: Standard error of the mean; CRC: Colorectal cancer; BAP: Benign adenomatous polyposis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.