Circulating microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer diagnosis: An update and review

Table 1 Diagnostic efficiencies of circulating miRNAs in gastric cancer

Circulating miRNA	Species	Samples	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC	Population
miR-1, miR-20a, miR-27a, miR-34a and miR-423-5p[28]	Human	Serum	80% of miR-1 + miR-20a + miR-27a + miR-34a + miR-423-5p	81% of miR-1 + miR-20a + miR-27a + miR-34a + miR-423-5p	0.879 of miR-1 + miR-20a + miR-27a + miR-34a + miR-423-5p	82 GC patients and 63 healthy controls
miR-16, miR-25, miR-92a, miR-451 and miR-486-5p[52]	Human	Plasma	84.1% of miR-16 + miR-25 + miR-92a + miR-451 + miR-486-5p	90.8% of miR-16 + miR-25 + miR-92a + miR-451 + miR-486-5p	0.89 of miR-16 + miR-25 + miR-92a + miR-451 + miR-486-5p	106 non-cardiac early GC patients and 160 healthy controls
miR-223, miR-16 and miR-100[45]	Human	Serum	81% of miR-223, 79% of miR-16 and 71% of miR-100	78% of miR-223, 78% of miR-16 and 58% of miR-100	0.85 of miR-223, 0.9 of miR-16 and 0.71 of miR-100	50 GC patients and 47 healthy controls
miR-18a[114]	Human	Plasma	84.6%	69.2%	0.8059	104 GC patients and 65 healthy controls
miR-18a[115]	Human	Plasma	80.5%	84.6%	0.907	82 GC patients and 65 healthy controls
miR-106a and miR-17[90]	Human	Whole blood	62.96% of miR-106a + miR-17, 48.15% of miR-106a and 51.85% of miR-17	80.49% of miR-106a + miR-17, 90.24% of miR-106a and 92.68% of miR-17	0.741 of miR-106a + miR-17, 0.684 of miR-106a and 0.74 of miR-17	90 GC patients and 27 healthy controls
The ratio of miR-106a/let-7a[90]	Human	Serum	85.5%	80%	0.879	69 GC patients and 30 healthy controls
miR-103, miR-107, miR-194 and miR-210[101]	Mouse	Serum	81.8% of miR-103, 90.9% of miR-107, 90.9% of miR-194 and 72.7% of miR-210 only for early-stage DGC	95.7% of miR-103, 95.7% of miR-107, 95.7% of miR-194 and 87.0% of miR-210 only for early-stage DGC	0.881 of miR-103, 0.909 of miR-107, 0.925 of miR-194 and 0.846 of miR-210 only for early-stage DGC	5 advanced-stage DGC patients, 6 early-stage DGC patients and 18 healthy controls
miR-223, miR-21 and miR-218[118]	Human	Plasma	84.29% of miR-223 + miR-21 + miR-218, 84.29% of miR-223, 74.29% of miR-21 and 94.29% of miR-218	92.86% of miR-223 + miR-21 + miR-218, 88.57% of miR-223, 75.71% of miR-21 and 44.29% of miR-218	0.9531 of miR-223 + miR-21 + miR-218, 0.9089 of miR-223, 0.7944 of miR-21 and 0.7432 of miR-218	60 GC patients and 60 healthy controls
miR-21[121]	Human	Plasma	66.5%	83.1%	0.80	251 GC patients and 184 controls
miR-21 and miR-106b[133]	Human	Serum	69% of miR-21 + miR-106b, 58.6% of miR-21 and 75.8% of miR-106b	69.4% of miR-21 + miR-106b, 86.1% of miR-21 and 51.4% of miR-106b	0.72 of miR-21 and 0.7 of miR-106b	87 non-cardiac early GC patients and 114 healthy controls
miR-17 and miR-106b[91]	Human	Serum	83.3% of miR-17 + miR-106b, 80.6% of miR-17 and 75.0% of miR-106b	87.5% of miR-17 + miR-106b, 87.5% of miR-17 and 92.5% of miR-106b	0.913 of miR-17 + miR-106b, 0.879 of miR-17 and 0.856 of miR-106b	40 GC patients, 32 BGD patients and 36 healthy controls
miR-106b, miR-20a and miR-221[172]	Human	Plasma	Null	Null	0.773 of miR-106b, 0.8593 of miR-20a and 0.7960 of miR-221	60 GC patients and 60 healthy controls
miR-122 and miR-192[174]	Human	Plasma	Null	Null	0.808 of miR-122 for discriminating GC/DM from GC/NDM and 0.815 of miR-122 for discriminating GC/DM patients from healthy controls; 0.732 of miR-192 for discriminating GC/DM from GC/NDM and 0.818 of miR-192 for discriminating GC/DM patients from healthy controls	36 GC/DM patients, 36 GC/NDM patients and 36 healthy controls
miR-195-5p[175]	Human	Plasma	Null	Null	Null	20 GC patients and 190 healthy controls
miR-196a[173]	Human	Serum	Null	Null	Null	20 Pre- and post-operative GC patients
miRNA-199a-3p[87]	Human	Plasma	74%	75%	0.818	80 early GC patients, 20 patients with gastric precancerous
						diseases and 70 healthy controls
miR-200c[42]	Human	Whole blood	65.4%	100%	0.715	52 GC patients and 15 healthy controls
miR-221, miR-376c and miR-744[138]	Human	Serum	82.4% of miR-221 + miR-376c + miR-744	58.8% of miR-221 + miR-376c + miR-744	0.7 of miR-221, 0.74 of miR-744 and 0.71 of miR-376c	38 advanced GC patients, 30 early GC patients, 46 DYS patients and 128 healthy controls
			73.3% of miR-221 + miR-376c + miR-744 for early GC detection
miR-375[155]	Human	Serum	80%	85%	0.835	20 DGAC patients and 20 healthy controls
miR-378[81]	Human	Serum	87.5%	70.73%	0.861	40 GC patients and 41 healthy controls
miR-421[74]	Human	Whole blood	94.12%	62.5%	0.773	40 GC patients and 17 healthy controls
miR-421[75]	Human	Whole blood	95.5%	89.1%	0.821	90 GC patients and 90 healthy controls

When a combination of circulating miRNAs is characterized, a (+) is included between the listed circulating miRNAs. AUC: Area under the curve; GC: Gastric cancer; DGC: Diffuse-type gastric cancer; DYS: Dysplasia; BGD: Benign gastric disease; DGAC: Distal gastric adenocarcinoma; GC/DM: Gastric cancer with distant metastasis; GC/NDM: Gastric cancer with no distant metastasis.