Carvedilol may attenuate liver cirrhosis by inhibiting angiogenesis through the VEGF-Src-ERK signaling pathway

Figure 5 Carvedilol inhibited the vascular endothelial growth factor-induced tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. A: HUVECs were placed in Matrigel with or without VEGF (50 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of different concentrations of carvedilol. After 8 h, tubular structures were imaged (magnification, × 100); B: Quantification of the area of cell alignment was determined using ImageJ software (n = 3, ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs VEGF alone).