Endoscopic treatments for small gastric subepithelial tumors originating from muscularis propria layer

Table 3 Clinical outcomes of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for gastric subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer

Ref.	No. cases (tumors)	Location (details)	Mean tumor size (mm)	Pathology	Complete resection rate, n (%)	Mean operating time (min)	Complications (details)	Mean follow-up time (mo) and recurrence
Xu et al[30]	15 (15)	9 esophagus	19	5 GISTs	15 (100)	78.7	1 pneumoperitoneum	3.9
		3 cardia		9 leiomyomas			1 pneumothorax	No recurrence
		2 body		1 glomus tumor			1 SE
		1 antrum
Liu et al[34]	12 (12)	7 esophagus	18.5	2 GISTs	12 (1001)	78.3	2 pleural effusion	7.1
		5 cardia		9 leiomyomas			4 pneumothorax	No recurrence
				1 schwannoma			8 SE
Wang et al[36]	57 (57)	57 esophago-gastric junction	21.5	7 GISTs	57 (100)	47.0	8 pneumothorax	12
				46 leiomyomas			3 pneumoperitoneum	No recurrence
				1 intramuscular lipoma			12 pneumothorax and SE
				1 granular cell tumor
				2 schwannomas			2 pleural effusion
Ye et al[32]	85 (85)	60 esophagus	19.2	19 GISTs	85 (100)	57.2	6 pneumothorax	8
		16 cardia		65 leiomyomas			4 pneumothorax	No recurrence
		9 stomach		1 calcifying			8 SE
				fibrous
				tumor

¹The 100% is en-bloc resection rates, no information on complete resection rate was given in this study. GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors; SE: Subcutaneous emphysem.