Recent advances in endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary interventions

Table 1 Published data of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS or HGS) (n > 20)

Ref.	No. of patients	Study design	CDS or HGS	Stent	Technical success	Complication rate	Patency	Complication
Park et al[9]	55	P	CDS, HGS	PS, MS	92, 100	21, 19	152, 132	Peritonitis, pneumoperitoneum, Bleeding
Hara et al[11]	18	P	CDS	PS	94	17	272	Peritonitis, hemobilia
Khashab et al[25]	20	R	CDS, HGS	PS, MS	100	10	-	NA
Kawakubo et al[8]	64	R	CDS, HGS	PS, MS	95, 95	14, 30	-	Bile leak, stent misplacement, bleeding
Hara et al[12]	18	P	CDS	MS	94	11	NR	peritonitis
Vila et al[10]	65	R	CDS, HGS	NA	86, 65	15, 29	-	Biloma, bleeding, perforation, pancreatitis, cholangitis, hematoma, abscess, pseudocyst
Dhir et al[13]	30	R	CDS, HGS	MS	92.3	20	-	Cholangitis, perforation, bile leak, pneumoperitoneum, death

P: Prospective; R: Retrospective; CDS: Choledochoduodenostomy; HGS: Hepaticogastrostomy; PS: Plastic stent; MS: Metallic stent; NA: Not available; NR: Not reached.