Rectal cancer and Fournier’s gangrene - current knowledge and therapeutic options

Table 3 Case reports of Fournier’s gangrene as associated with perforated rectal cancer

Ref.	Age/Sex	Risk factors	Duration of symptoms/hospitalization	L/CRP	Starting point	DRE	MSCT (tumor, air)	Rectoscopy	Distance from AC border	Microbiology	Operation	Day of operation	Outcome/survival
Ash et al[41], 2005	33/m		2/nd	10/nd	Scrotum		Yes (tumor, air)	No			Colostomy	1
Carr[42], 2010	54/m	Alcoholism	nd/23	nd	Scrotum, perineum, gluteus		Yes (tumor, no air)				APR	1	Alive
Chan et al[43], 2013	78/m	Smoker, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, dyslipidemia	5/nd	36.8/nd	Perineum, scrotum	Neg	Yes (tumor, air)	Yes	10 cm	E. coli	Colostomy	5	Alive
Eke et al[44], 1999	65/m	Diabetes	nd/nd	nd	Penis					S. aureus	Sigmoid colostomy		Alive
Gamagami et al[45], 1998	45/m	Diabetes	4/nd	nd	Perianal	Pos		Yes		E. coli, Enterococi	Loop colostomy/APR	1/28	Alive/1 yr df
Gupta[46], 2010	55/m		7/nd	14.4/149		Pos		Yes		E. coli, Bacteroides	Colostomy		Died
Highton et al[47], 2009	79/m		2/nd	nd	Right thigh	Neg		Yes	Upper	E. coli, anaerobes	End colostomy and mucosus fistula	1	Alive
Katusić et al[48], 2010	65/m		nd/23	nd	Scrotum, perianal, right groin	Pos				E. coli, Pseudomonas	No colostomy		Alive
Khalil et al[49], 2010	71/m	No	10/nd	20/424	Right thigh	Neg	Yes (tumor, air)				Hartmann procedure		Alive/6 yr Survival
Kojima et al[50], 2007	56/m	Diabetes	nd/nd	23/196	Scrotum	Pos	Yes (tumor, air)		4 cm	E. coli, M. morganii, Enterococcus spp., Microaerophilic streptococcus, B. fragillis	Colostomy/APR	1/121	Alive
Lamy et al[51], 2003	71/f	Diabetes	14/nd	33/270	Gluteal, left thigh	Pos	Yes (tumor, air)	Yes	10 cm	Bacteroides spp.	Colostomy/APR	1/60	Alive/1 mo suvival
Lawrentschuk et al[52], 2003	55/m	No	6/43	n/nd	Perineum, scrotum	Neg	Yes (air, no tumor)	Yes	5 cm	E. coli, Enterococcus species mixed, anaerobes, S. epidermidis	End colostomy/APR	1/16	Alive
Liu et al[53], 2006	56/m	Alcoholic cirrhosis, diabetes, renal insufficiency	nd/nd	nd		Pos		Yes	8 cm	group G streptococcus	No colostomy		Died
Mcmullin et al[54], 2006	70/m		nd/26	33/nd	Scrotum	No	Yes (tumor, air)		3 cm	E. coli, Enterococcus, Bacteroides spp.	Colectomy + APR		Alive/2 yr survival
Moslemi et al[55], 2009	48/m		nd/nd	18/nd	Penis, perianal	Pos	Yes (tumor, no air)	Yes			Loop colostomy		Alive/1 yr df
Mulholland et al[56], 1990	73/m		nd/nd	nd	Scrotum, penis	Pos			AC border	Streptococcus viridans, E. coli, Bacteroides spp. and diphtheroids	Hartmann procedure	4	alive
O'Connor et al[57], 2009	80/m		nd/nd	ml/nd	Scrotum	Pos	Yes (tumor, no air)	Yes	Low		Loop colostomy		Alive
Öner et al[58], 2013	57/m	No	nd/25	22/nd	Scrotum	Pos	Yes	Yes			End colostomy/APR	1/11	Alive/1 yr df
Rajendran et al[59], 2011	73/f		nd/nd	nd	Perianal		Yes (tumor, air)				Colostomy
Villa Sánchez et al[60], 2014	43/m		nd/nd	2.7/270	Thigh, groin					E. coli, Streptoccous spp.	Colostomy	4	Died
Scott et al[61], 1988	63/m		nd/130	nd	Perianal	Pos		Yes			APR		Alive
Tai et al[62], 2012	28/m		nd/nd	13/195	Right leg		Yes (tumor, air)			E. coli	Colostomy
Woodcock et al[63], 2006	66		nd/59	nd	Perineum, scrotum perianal, ingvinal	Pos		Yes	Low	β-haemolytic streptococci, coliforms, mixed anaerobes	Loop colostomy/APR	1/180+	Alive