Restraint stress induces and exacerbates intestinal inflammation in interleukin-10 deficient mice

Figure 4 Restraint stress induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in interleukin-10^-/- mice with colitis. Cytokine mRNA was extracted from mouse colon. Relative mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-12p40 and IFN-γ against β-actin is expressed as the mean ± SE. The data are representative of three independent experiments. Stress (+), restraint stress for 2 h; ^aP < 0.05 vs stress negative IL-10^-/- mice.