Circulating RNAs as new biomarkers for detecting pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Circulating RNA specifically deregulated in pancreatic cancer

Target candidate	Up/down	Sample	Number of patients	Extraction method	Quantification method	Target selection	Normalization	Potential value	Ref.
mRNA
CEA mRNA	Up	Whole blood	9 PK, 9 HC	AGPC	RT-PCR	Pre	ACTB	D	[16]
EGFR mRNA	Up	Serum	11 PK, 23 HC	N/A	RT-PCR	Pre	B2M	D	[33]
4GnT mRNA	Up	Whole blood	55 PK, 10 CP, 70 HC	RNeasy Mini kit	RT-PCR	Pre	GAPDH	D	[34]
COL6A3 mRNA	Up	Serum	44 PK, 46 BT, 30 HC	PureYield RNA Midiprep	qRT-PCR	Pre	GAPDH	D/P	[35]
miRNA
mIR-155	Up	Plasma	49 PK, 36 HC	TRIzol LS	Taqman	Pre	miR-16	D	[55]
miR-196a	Up							D
miR-21	Up							D
miR-210	Up							D
miR-155	Up	Pancreatic juice	16 PK, 5CP	mirVana PARIS kit	Taqman	Pre	miR-199 U6-snRNA	D	[68]
miR-21	Up							D
miR-196a	Up	Serum	35 PK, 15 CP, 15 HC	TRI Reagent BD	Taqman	Pre	cel-miR-39	D/P	[69]
miR-200a	Up	Serum	45 PK, 11 CP, 32 HC	mirVana miR isolation kit	Taqman	Pre	miR-16	D	[70]
miR-200b	Up							D
miR-210	Up	Plasma	11 PK, 14 HC	Boiling	Taqman	Pre	cel-miR-54	D	[71]
miR-18a	Up	Plasma	36 PK, 30 HC	mirVana PARIS kit	Taqman	Pre	synthetic reference panel	D/T	[72]
miR-16	Up	Plasma	140 PK, 111 CP, 68 HC	TRI Reagent BD	Taqman	Pre	cel-miR-39	D	[73]
miR-196a	Up							D
miR-185	Up	Serum	80 PK, 129 HC	TRIzol LS	Taqman	Sequence	serum volume	D	[74]
miR-191	Up							D
miR-20a	Up							D
miR-21	Up							D/P
miR-24	Up							D
miR-25	Up							D
miR-99a	Up							D
miR-1290	Up	Serum	41 PK, 38 BT, 35 CP, 19 HC	mirVana PARIS kit	Taqman	Taqman mA	miR-16	D	[75]
miR-221	Up	Plasma	47 PK, 30 HC	mirVana PARIS kit	Taqman	Pre	synthetic reference panel	D/T/P	[76]
miR-375	Down							D/T/P
miR-375	Up	Plasma	48 PK, 47 HC	Total RNA purification kit (Norgen)	Taqman	Affymetrix mA	cel-miR-39,cel-miR-54, cel-miR-238	D	[77]
miR-27a3p	Up	Whole blood	129 PK, 103 BT, 60HC	Trizol	Taqman	Sequence	U6 snRNA	D/S	[78]
miR-196a	Up	Serum	19 PK, 10 CP, 20 BT, 10 HC	miReasy RNA extraction kit	Taqman	Pre	miR-24	D	[79]
miR-196b	Up							D
miR-205	Up	Pancreatic juice	50 PK, 19 CP, 19 HC	TRIzol LS	Taqman	Agilent mA	U6 snRNA	D/P	[80]
miR-210	Up							D/P
miR-492	Up							D/P
miR-1427	Up							D/P
miR-22	Up	Plasma	11 PK, 11 HR, 11 HC	TRI Reagent BD	Taqman	custom mA	miR-3196	D	[81]
miR-642b	Up							D
miR-885-5p	Up							D
Multi gene index		Whole blood	409 PK, 25 CP, 312 HC	PAXgene blood RNA	Taqman	Taqman mA	ath-miR159a	D	[82]
miR-483-3p	Up	Plasma	32 PK, 12 BT, 30 HC	mirVana PARIS kit	Taqman	Pre	miR-16	D	[83]
miR-21	Up							D
snRNA
U2 snRNA	Up	Serum	80 PK, 129 HC	mirVana miR isolation kit	qRT-PCR	Agilent mA	cel-miR-54	D	[84]

Reference were searched in PubMed database using the following search terms: “pancreatic cancer”, “non-coding RNA”, and “circulating” or “serum” or “plasma” or “blood”. PK: Pancreatic cancer; BT: Benign tumor; CH: Chronic pancreatitis; HR: High-risk patients; HC: Healthy control; AGPC: Acid-guanidinium-phenol-chroroform method; N/A: Not available; Taqman: Taqman qRT-PCR; Pre: Previously reported in pancreatic cancer tissues; mA: MiRNA microarray; D: Diagnostic marker; P: Prognostic marker; S: Staging marker; T: Treatment marker.