Current and future treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Select current molecular inhibitors under investigation as standalone or combination therapies for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Drug name	Method of action	Clinical phase
Lenvatinib	VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR, RET and c-Kit inhibitor	III, ongoing as 1st line
Brivanib	VEGFR2 and FGFR tyrosine kinases	III, negative as 1st line
Everolimus	mTOR inhibitor	III, negative
Tivantinib	c-MET inhibitor	III, ongoing as 2nd line
Linifanib	RTK, VEGF and PDGF inhibitor	III, negative as 1st line
Sorafenib (as adjuvant)	Raf/MEK/ERK inhibitor	III, negative
Ramucirumab	VEGFR2	II and III, negative
Foretinib	c-MET inhibitor	II
Refametinib	MEK1/2 inhibitor	II
Mapatumumab	TRAIL-receptor (death receptor 4)	II
Selumetinib	MAPK/ERK inhibitor	II
Erlotinib	EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor	II
Lapatinib	EGFR and HER2/neu inhibitor	II
Cabozantinib	VEGFR2, c-MET, RET, KIT, FLT4, AXL	III
MSC2156119J	c-MET/HGF	Ib/II
Lenalidomide	Immunomodulatory	II

HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.