Management of ampullary neoplasms: A tailored approach between endoscopy and surgery

Table 2 Survival in papillary tumors and predictors of poor prognosis

Ref.	n/resected	Operative mortality (%)	Positive nodes (%)	R0 (%)	Pancreatobil/intestinal, n (%)	Survival-resected		Median survival - resected (mo)	Predictors of worse survival or recurrence
						5 yr	10 yr
Albagli et al[128]	50/50	8.0	36.0	-	-	N0 52%	-	-	None
						N+ 39%
Allema et al[136]	67/67	1.5	52.0	75.0	-	50%	-		R+
Beger et al[50]	171/171	3.1	54.0	79.6	-	N+ 21%	-	-	N+2, Pan+, R, Stage2, G2-3
						N0: 63%
Bettschart et al[18]	88/70	0.0	40.0	97.2		37.91		45.8	Bilirubin2, Age > 70, G3, N+2, Neu+, Pan+
Brown et al[91]	72/51	2.0	47.0	100.0	-	58%			N+2, T, G
Carter et al[137]	157/145	-	33.0	86.0	53 (45)-54 (46)	-	-	-	Pancreatobil2, Bilirubin, Stage2, N+, T, Ly+2, Neu+2
Chareton et al[35]	63/51	7.5	-	-	-	40%	-		Stage, Ampullectomy
Choi et al[129]	78/70	2.6	31.4	95.7	-	59.90%	29%	70	Jaundice, Ulcerated, Pan+, G
						N0 63.5%
						N+ 50.8%
Di Giorgio1 et al[138]	94/64	8.6	28.0	100.0	-	64.4%		54	No resection , Size, G, Depth of infiltration2
Duffy et al[92]	55	0.0	41.8	98.2	-	67.70%	-	-	Neu+2
Falconi et al[19]	90/90	4.0	48.0			61% (disease free)			Stage, T, LNR2
Hornick et al[16]	157/150		59.8			Adenocarcinoma 45%			Jaundice, Stage, N+
	106					Adenoma 82%
	Adenocarcinoma					N+ 47%
						N0 63%
Howe1 et al[28]	123/101	5.0	45.5	96.1	-	46%	-	58.8	No resection, N+2, R+2, G3
Iacono et al[139]	59/59	7.8	37.3	-	-	46%	33%	31	G, T2, N+, Chromosome 17p2, 18q2, Micro satellite instab., Standard PD
Inoue et al[140]	34/34					52.6%			N+2, Pan+, V+2, Neu+2, SMA2
Kawaguchi et al[141]	28/28					56.4%		37	Duo+, Ly+, V+2
Kim et al[34]	104/104		39.4		62 (60)-42 (40)	60.1%	57.6%		T2, CEA, N+2, G32, Pancreatobil2, Neu+, Ly+
Kimura et al[36]	51	-	45.0	-	38 (74)-13 (25)				Pancreatobil
Klempnauer et al[142]	94/94	9.6	38.0	97.0	-	34.5%	28.6%	-	Size2, G3, N+, Stage
Lazaryan et al[20]	72/72	-	34.0	96.0	-	61%	-	-	Neu+2, Ulcerated2, N+2, Stage, Weight loss
Norero et al[143]	50/50					32%		28	N+2
Ohike et al[134]	244/244	-	38.0	95.0	162 (66) other	33%	-	-	Budding2, N+2, T2, R+2
					82 (34) intestinal	Hi budding 24%
						Low budding 68%
Qiao et al[59]	127/127	9.7	35.0	98.4		43.3%	35.7%		N+2, T2, Stage, Pan+
Roder et al[144]	69/66	4.5	42.0	-	-	35%	-	41	N(nr)
Sakata et al[130]	71/71	0.0	48.0	97.2		64%	55%		G, Pan+, Ly+2, V+2, Neu+, R+, N+2, LNR
Shinkawa et al[145]	23/23					52%	32%		Pan+, N+
Talamini1 et al[51]	120/106	3.8	40.0	-	-	38%	-	46	No resection, Transfusion2, N+, G2-3
						N+ 31%
						N0 43%
Todoroki et al[95]	66/59	0.0	60.0	93.2	-	52.6%			R+, CEA, Ulcerated, T2, N+, Stage2, Ly+2, V+
Westgaard et al[25]	114/114	3.5	57.0	65.0	67 (59)-47 (41.2)	-			Pancreatobil2, N+2, V+2
	41 ampullary								Size2
Winter et al[127]	450/450	2.0	54.5	96.1		Adenocarcinoma 45%		N+ 23.4	N+2, Neu+2, Transfusion2
	Adenoca: 347					Adenoma 86%		N0 79
						N+ 35%
						N0 56%
Yokoyama et al[15]	74/59	-	53.5	100.0	-	61.0%	53%	-	Pan+2, N+2, Jaundice, V+, Ly+2, Neu+, G
Zhao et al[146]	105/105	8.6	37.1			42.8%			Pan+, Size2, T, TNM stage, N(nr)2

¹Including not resected pts;

²Independent predictor; duo+: Duodenal invasion; G: Histologic grade of differentiation; LNR : Lymph nodes ratio; Ly+: Lymphatic vessel invasion; N+: pOsitive lymph nodes; N(nr): Number of metastatic lymph nodes; Neu+: Perineural invasion; Pan+: Pancreatic invasion; Pancreatobil: Pancreatobiliary histological subtype; R+: Positive resection margins; No resection: Patients not resected vs those who underwent surgical resection; SMA: Lymphadenectomy around the superior mesenteric artery; V+: Blood vessel invasion.