Sarcopenia in the prognosis of cirrhosis: Going beyond the MELD score

Table 1 Definition and prevalence of sarcopenia in cirrhosis

Ref.	n	Men, n(%)	Unit of measure	Cutoffs for sarcopenia	Prevalence	Predictors of sarcopenia
Cruz et al[60]	234	157 (67)	L3-4 SMI (cm2/m2)	Men: ≤ 52.4 cm2/m2 Women: ≤ 38.5 cm2/m2	70% (men 76%)
DiMartini et al[40]	338	223 (66)	L3-4 SMI (cm2/m2)	Men: ≤ 52.4 cm2/m2 Women: ≤ 38.5 cm2/m2	68% (men 76%, women 51%)	80% prevalence in alcoholic liver disease vs 31%-71% in other diseases 80% prevalence in normal-weight vs 62% in obese
Hanai et al[8]	130	76 (58)	L3 SMI (cm2/m2)	Men: ≤ 52.4 cm2/m2 Women: ≤ 38.5 cm2/m2	68% (men 82%, women 50%)	In the multivariate analysis, only the male gender [OR (95%CI) = 5.65 (1.43-24.23), P = 0.01] and BMI [0.77 (0.66-0.87), P < 0.0001] were independent predictors of sarcopenia
Meza-Junco et al[43]	116	98 (84)	L3 SMI (cm2/m2)	Men BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2: ≤ 53 cm2/m2 BMI < 25 kg/m2: ≤ 43 cm2/m2 Women: ≤ 41 cm2/m2	30% (men 31%, women 28%)	Age was older (61 ± 1 yr vs 57 ± 1 yr, P = 0.001), and the INR was higher (1.4 ± 0.08 vs 1.2 ± 0.03, P = 0.01) in sarcopenic patients than nonsarcopenic patients
Montano-loza et al[10]	112	78 (70)	L3 SMI (cm2/m2)	Men: ≤ 52.4 cm2/m2 Women: ≤ 38.5 cm2/m2	40% (men 50%, women 18%)	Sarcopenia was more frequent in men (50% vs 18%, P < 0.001) and patients with a low BMI (26 ± 0.7 kg/m2vs 29 ± 0.8 kg/m2, P = 0.003)
Montano-loza et al[45]	248	169 (68)	L3 SMI (cm2/m2)	Men BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2: ≤ 53 cm2/m2 BMI < 25 kg/m2: ≤ 43 cm2/m2 Women: ≤ 41 cm2/m2	45% (men 52%, women 30%)	Sarcopenia was more common in men (P = 0.002), patients with ascites (P = 0.02), patients with low BMI (P < 0.001), and patients with higher bilirubin levels (P = 0.05), creatinine levels (P = 0.02), INR ( P = 0.04), CTP scores (P = 0.002), and MELD scores (P = 0.002)
Tandon et al[11]	142	85 (60)	L3 SMI (cm2/m2)	Men: ≤ 52.4 cm2/m2 Women: ≤ 38.5 cm2/m2	41% (men 54%, women 21%)	In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, male sex [OR (95%CI) = 5.91 (2.38-14.6)], CTP class C [vs CTP class A: 15.4 (1.44-165.7)], and a BMI [0.82 (0.74-0.90)] were independent predictors of sarcopenia