Grape seed proanthocyanidin protects liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress

Figure 1 Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin on serum aminotransferase levels after reperfusion. The levels of A: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT); and B: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) and with grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) treatment. C: Histopathologic changes were scored (Suzuki score) in tissues collected 6 h after reperfusion; D: The sham group showed normal liver structure; E: IR induced severe lobular distortion, apparent edema, hemorrhage, neutrophil infiltration, and cell apoptosis; F: GSP administration improved the condition (HE, 200 ×); n = 8 each; ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs IR.